Experiences of Women with Depression: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Abstract

      This systematic review aimed to examine women’s perceptions of depression, perceived causes, symptoms and impacts, as well as the strategies they employ to manage depressive symptoms. The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for systematic reviews. Qualitative studies published between 2014 and 2022 were systematically searched through electronic databases. Data were extracted using the QualSyst tool for qualitative studies. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized through descriptive statistics, content analysis, and narrative synthesis.

The findings highlighted four major themes. First, regarding perceptions of depression, women described depression in three ways; as a burdensome and distressing state, as an internal transformation, and as a natural part of life. Second, concerning the perceived causes of depression, four key themes emerged: societal expectations of being a good woman, living primarily for others, being an emotional outlet often accompanied by intimate partner or family violence, and facing struggles in isolation. Third, related to the symptoms and impacts of depression, women perceived themselves as experiencing a loss of identity and a lack of stability in life. Finally, in terms of managing depressive symptoms, women emphasized self-responsibility in coping with the condition through strategies such as reframing depression from a new perspective, strengthening inner resilience, and seeking supportive resources. The findings suggest that nurses should adopt a more gender-sensitive perspective when caring for women with depression. Nursing practice should emphasize the promotion and prevention of depression among women at risk, particularly those experiencing violence. Furthermore, it is important to support women in managing depressive symptoms independently, in ways that align with their individual capacities and strengths.