Community Pharmacy Competency: Systematic Review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To synthesize desired competencies for community pharmacists. Methods: The study identified full articles regarding development, measurement and evaluation or studies detailing set of competency in community pharmacists in the context of community pharmacies published in Thai and English in academic journals and 7 database system. Search terms included the following key words (competency OR competence) AND “community pharmacy” OR “community pharmacist” and 3 Thai keywords i.e., สมรรถนะ เภสัชกรชุมชน and เภสัชกรรมชุมชน. The search started from January 2009 to May 2019. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesize the information. Results: Of 1,655 paper retrieved, 9 were eligible for inclusion. The majority of instruments in the study was questionnaires developed with the Delphi method. There were four overall main themes including 1. patient care: ability to take history for differential diagnosis, giving medication therapy, examination, monitoring and evaluation of treatment. 2. personality: practice under professional ethics, and effective communication. 3. management: management ability in inventory control, finance, human resources and business management, and 4. pharmacy profession: provision of health information and medication information for public and health professionals, involvement in prevention and health promotion. Conclusion: Community pharmacists take full responsibility in both patient care and business. As a consequence, community pharmacy competency involves information searching, provision of health and medication information, prevention and health promotion for patients, community, health professionals, and business management under ethical standards.
Article Details
ผลการวิจัยและความคิดเห็นที่ปรากฏในบทความถือเป็นความคิดเห็นและอยู่ในความรับผิดชอบของผู้นิพนธ์ มิใช่ความเห็นหรือความรับผิดชอบของกองบรรณาธิการ หรือคณะเภสัชศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ ทั้งนี้ไม่รวมความผิดพลาดอันเกิดจากการพิมพ์ บทความที่ได้รับการเผยแพร่โดยวารสารเภสัชกรรมไทยถือเป็นสิทธิ์ของวารสารฯ
References
Vazirani N. Competencies and competency model - A brief overview of its development and application. SIES Journal of Management 2010;7:121-31.
Suttajit S, Suwannaprom P, Eakanunkul S. On account of manpower: pharmacy workforce in the complexity of healthcare system. Chiang Mai: Center for Community Drug System Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University; 2018.
Chouhan VS, Srivastava S. Understanding compe tencies and competency modelling - a literature survey. IOSR Journal of Business and Manage ment 2014; 1: 14-22.
Pharmacy Education Taskforce. A global compe tency framework [online]. 2016 [cited Jun 1, 2019]. Available from: www.fip.org/files/fip/PharmacyEduc ation/2016_report/FIPEd_Transform_2016_online_version.pdf.
Pharmacy Council of Thailand. Announcement of Pharmacy Council of Thailand No. 18/2012 on core competency of 6-years Pharm D curriculum [Online]. 2012 [cited Jul 15, 2019]. Available from: www.pharmacycouncil.org/share/file/file_265.pdf.
Pharmacy Council of Thailand. Announcement of Pharmacy Council of Thailand No. 24/2015 on program structure of 6-years Pharm D curriculum (revised edition on 2015) [Online]. 2015 [cited Jul 15, 2019]. Available from: www.pharmacycouncil.or g/index.php?option=content_detail&menuid=68&itemid=959&catid=0.
Parinyarux P, Kitikannakorn N. Professional compe tency for pharmacist in Thailand and other-countries and community pharmacy clerkship in Thailand. Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019; 15: 1-13.
Pharmacy Council of Thailand. Announcement of Pharmacy Council of Thailand No. 8/2011 on professional competency of pharmaceutical care curriculum [Online]. 2011 [cited Jul 15, 2019]. Available from: www.pharmacycouncil.org/share/file /file_260.pdf.
Atkinson J, Sánchez Pozo A, Rekkas D, Volmer D, Hirvonen J, Bozic B, et al. Hospital and community pharmacists' perceptions of which competences are important for their practice. Pharmacy (Basel) 2016; 4:21.
Gorsanan S, Tongrod W. The study of entrepreneur orientation and business strategy that related to the success of drug store business of Thai pharmacists who are the owner of drugstore. Veridian E-Journal Silpakorn University 2018;11: 3246-65.
Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000100.
Bramer WM, Rethlefsen ML, Kleijnen J, Franco OH. Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective explo- ratory study. Syst Rev 2017; 6: 245.
Meline T. Selecting studies for systematic review: Inclusion and exclusion criteria. Contemp Issues Commun Sci Disord 2006; 33: 21-7.
Gmeiner T, Horvat N, Kos M, Obreza A, Vovk T, Grabnar I, et al. Curriculum mapping of the Master’s Program in Pharmacy in Slovenia with the PHAR-QA competency framework. Pharmacy (Basel) 2017; 5: 24.
Svetlana SL, Ivana TD, Tatjana C, Dusanka K, Ian BJ. Evaluation of competences at the community pharmacy settings. Indian Journal of Pharmaceu tical Education and Research 2014; 48: 22-30.
Stojkov S, Tadic I, Crnjanski T, Krajnovic D. Assessment and self-assessment of the pharmacists' competencies using the global competency framework (GbCF) in Serbia. Vojnosanit Pregl 2016 ; 73: 803-10.
Meštrović A, Staničić Z, Hadžiabdić MO, Mucalo I, Bates I, Duggan C, et al. Evaluation of Croatian community pharmacists' patient care competencies using the general level framework. Am J Pharm Educ 2011; 75: 36.
Laliberté M-C, Perreault S, Damestoy N, Lalonde L. Ideal and actual involvement of community pharmacists in health promotion and prevention: a cross-sectional study in Quebec, Canada. BMC Public Health 2012; 12: 192.
Chong IYM, Rosenthal MM, Manson KR, Houle SKD. Do community pharmacist performance evaluations capture the modern pharmacist’s role? Mapping competencies assessed in Canadian community pharmacy performance evaluation tem plates against the General Level Framework. J Am Pharm Assoc 2018; 58: 638-42.
Xi X, Huang Y, Lu Q, Ung COL, Hu H. Community pharmacists’ opinions and practice of pharmaceu tical care at chain pharmacy and independent pharmacy in China. Int J Clin Pharm 2019; 41: 478-87.
Maitreemit P, Pongcharoensuk P, Kapol N, Arms trong EP. Pharmacist perceptions of new compe tency standards. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2008; 6: 113-20.
Martins SF, van Mil JWF, da Costa FA. The organizational framework of community pharma cies in Europe. Int J Clin Pharm 2015; 37:896-905.
Božič B, Obreza A, Atkinson J. Pharmacy practice and education in Slovenia. Pharmacy (Basel) 2018 ; 7: 4.
Macdonald E, MacKinnon N, T Tsuyuki R. Pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies: practice and research in Canada. Ann Pharmaco ther 2005; 39: 1527-33.
Saramunee K, Chaiyasong S, Krska J. Public health roles for community pharmacy: contrasts and similarities between England and Thailand. Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011; 7: 1-11.
Davies MJ, Fleming H, Jones R, Menzie K, Smallwood C, Surendar S. The inclusion of a business management module within the master of pharmacy degree: a route to asset enrichment?. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2013; 11: 109-17.
Rajiah K, Venkataraman R. Community pharmacists’ perceptions on ethical dilemmas, pharmacy values and decision-making. Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2018; 11: 168-76.
Wuttipanich T, Kitisopee T. Economic impact assessment on good pharmacy practice regulation in Thai community pharmacy. Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015; 39: 110-8.
Vimolkittiphong S, Pantong M. Guideline to achieve mandatory GPP regulation. Nonthaburi: Food and Drug Administration (FDA); 2015.
