Prophylactic Antibiotics Use in Dog and Cat Bite/Scratch Wound
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To study the prescribing of prophylactic antibiotics in dog and cat bite/scratch wounds, infected wound and medical costs. Method: This study was an analytical study retrospectively collecting from medical record of patients who presented with bite or scratch wounds from either dog or cat and receiving initiated treatment at Banbung Hospital, Chonburi during January 2015 to December 2017. This study collect data on patient demographics, wound type, antibiotic treatment, infected wound and costs for treatment. Results: A total of 380 patients presented with wounds from dog bite, cat bite, cat scratch and dog scratch, respectively (82.6, 13.2, 3.9 and 0.3%, respectively). Physicians prescribed antibiotics to 312 subjects (82.1%) which were amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clindamycin and dicloxacillin (82.4, 16.3, 1.0 and 0.3%of all patients with antibiotics prescribed, respectively). Infection rate from dog and cat bite was 3.1 and 6.4%, respectively. Factors associated with infection were being older and wound closure (P=0.037 [OR 1.03, 95%CI 1.002-1.058] and P=0.035 [OR 4.605, 95%CI 1.11-19.10] respectively). Expenditure of antibiotic use was accounted for 4.6% of total medical costs. Conclusion: Most of patients with dog and cat bite/scratch wounds were given prophylactic antibiotics. Infection rate in cat bite was higher than that in dog bite wounds. Older patient and wound closure may increase risk of wound infection.
Article Details
ผลการวิจัยและความคิดเห็นที่ปรากฏในบทความถือเป็นความคิดเห็นและอยู่ในความรับผิดชอบของผู้นิพนธ์ มิใช่ความเห็นหรือความรับผิดชอบของกองบรรณาธิการ หรือคณะเภสัชศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ ทั้งนี้ไม่รวมความผิดพลาดอันเกิดจากการพิมพ์ บทความที่ได้รับการเผยแพร่โดยวารสารเภสัชกรรมไทยถือเป็นสิทธิ์ของวารสารฯ
References
2. World Health Organization. Animal bites fact sheets [online]. 2013 [cited Jul 27, 2017]. Available from: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs373/en/.
3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Bites human and animal [online]. 2015 [cited Aug 20, 2017]. Available from: cks.nice.org.uk/bites-human-and-animal.
4. Leelakanok N. Pharmaceutical care in bite wounds [online]. 2017 [cited Oct 10, 2017]. Available from: ccpe.pharmacycouncil.org/showfile.php?file=404.
5. Dumnakkaew K, Taechakamolsuk P, Sangjanthip A. Situation of severe injuries from dog bite under injury surveillance in 2009. Weekly Epidemiological Surveil lance Report 2012;42:817-9.
6. Rothe K, Tsokos M, Handrick W. Animal and human bite wounds. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112:433-42.
7. Benson LS, Edwards SL, Schiff AP, Williams CS, Visotsky JL. Dog and cat bites to the hand: treatment and cost assessment. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31:468-73.
8. Abrahamian FM, Goldstein EJ. Microbiology of animal bite wound infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011; 24: 231-46.
9. Ellis R, Ellis C. Dog and cat bites. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90:239-43.
10. Talan DA, Citron DM, Abrahamian FM, Moran GJ, Goldstein EJ. Bacteriologic analysis of infected dog and cat bites. Emergency Medicine Animal Bite Infection Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 85-92.
11. Rabinowitz PM, Gordon Z, Odofin L. Pet-related infections. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76:1314-22.
12. Klotz SA, Ianas V, Elliott SP. Cat-scratch disease. Am Fam Physician. 2011; 83: 152-5.
13. Dire DJ. Cat bite wounds: risk factors for infection. Ann Emerg Med. 1991; 20: 973-9.
14. Callaham ML. Treatment of common dog bites: infection risk factors. JACEP. 1978;7:83-7.
15. Morgan M, Palmer J. Dog bites. BMJ. 2007; 334: 413-7.
16. Smith PF, Meadowcroft AM, May DB. Treating mammalian bite wounds. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2000; 25 : 85-99.
17. Honnorat E, Seng P, Savini H, Pinelli PO, Simon F, Stein A. Prosthetic joint infection caused by Pasteurella multocida: a case series and review of literature. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:435.
18. Prevaldi C, Paolillo C, Locatelli C, Ricci G, Catena F, Ansaloni L, et al. Management of traumatic wounds in the Emergency Department: position paper from the Academy of Emergency Medicine and Care (AcEMC) and the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). World J Emerg Surg. 2016;11:30.
19. Tabaka ME, Quinn JV, Kohn MA, Polevoi SK. Predictors of infection from dog bite wounds: which patients may benefit from prophylactic antibiotics? Emerg Med J. 2015;32:860-3.
20. Sriboonruang S, Tantawichien T. Mammalian bite and rabies prevention. 3rd ed. Bangkok: Queen Sao vabha Memorial Insititute; 2016.p.10.
21. Ministry of Public Health. Service Plan: Rational drug use. Nonthaburi: Bureau of Health Administra tion; 2016. p.70-2.
22. Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 59: 147-59.
23. WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies. First report (WHO technical report series; 931). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
24. Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, Goldman MP, Lance LL, editors. Drug information handbook. 19st ed. Ohio: Lexi-Comp; 2010.p. 95-9.
25. Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr., Rumack BH, Dart RC. 2011 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 29th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012;50:911-1164.
26. Ostanello F, Gherardi A, Caprioli A, La Placa L, Passini A, Prosperi S. Incidence of injuries caused by dogs and cats treated in emergency departments in a major Italian city. Emerg Med J. 2005;22:260-2.
27. Jaindl M, Oberleitner G, Endler G, Thallinger C, Kovar FM. Management of bite wounds in children and adults-an analysis of over 5000 cases at a level I trauma centre. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2016; 128: 367-75.
28. Cheng HT, Hsu YC, Wu CI. Does primary closure for dog bite wounds increase the incidence of wound infection? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2014;67:1448-50.
29. Maimaris C, Quinton DN. Dog-bite lacerations: a controlled trial of primary wound closure. Arch Emerg Med. 1988;5:156-61.
30. Trott AT. Wound and laceration emergency care and closure. 4th ed. Ohio: Elsevier; 2012. p.93-6, 206-18.
