Posterior Sub-axial Cervical Spine, Lateral Mass Screw Fixation Techniques
Posterior Sub-axial Cervical Spine Lateral Mass Screw Fixation
Keywords:
sub-axial cervical spine, screw, lateral mass screw fixationAbstract
Screw reconstruction of the posterior sub-axial cervical spine is a common procedure in spinal surgery. This article reviews surgical techniques for the lateral mass, which are commonly used in surgery. By conclusion the technique, steps in each technique are illustrated with pictures for easy insertion of the screws, entrances, corners and lines of each technique such as Roy-Camille, Louis, Magerl, Anderson, An and Riew techniques, including a modified technique for C7 lateral mass fixation. This article describes each surgical method and surgical procedure so that the surgeon can select the appropriate technique for each patient in order to achieve a successful operation with minimal complications.
References
1. Joaquim AF, Riew KD. Axis screw fixationa step-by-step review of the surgical techniques. Arq Bras Neurocir 2017;36(2):101-7.
2. Farey ID, Nadkarni S, Smith N. Modified Gallie technique versus transarticular screw fixation in C1-C2 fusion. Clin Orthop Relat Res1999;(359):126-35.
3. Ghori A, Le HV, Makanji H, Cha T. Posterior fixation techniques in the sub-axial cervical spine. Cureus 2015;7(10):e338. doi:10.7759
4. Anderson PA, Henley MB, Grady MS, Montesano PX, Winn HR. Posterior cervical arthrodesis with AO reconstruction plates and bone graft. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1991;16(3 Suppl):S72-9.
5. Jeanneret B, Magerl F, Ward EH, Ward JC. Posterior stabilization of the cervical spine with hook plates. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1991;16(3 Suppl):S56-63.
6. Klekamp JW, Ugbo JL, Heller JG, Hutton WC. Cervical transfacet versus lateral mass screws: A biomechanical comparison. J Spinal Disord 2000;13(6):515-8.
7. Abumi K, Kaneda K. Pedicle screw fixation for non-traumatic lesions of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997;22(16):1853-63.
8. Ilgenfritz RM, Gandhi AA, Fredericks DC, Grosland NM, Smucker JD. Considerations for the use of C7 crossing laminar screws in sub-axial and cervicothoracic instrumentation. Spine 2013;38(4):E199-204.
9. Johnson R. Anatomy of the cervical spine and its related structures. In: Torg JS, editor. Athletic injuries to the head, neck, and face. 2nd ed. St Louis: Mosby Year Book;1991. p.371-83.
10. Parke WW, Sherk HH. Normal adult anatomy. In: Sherk H, editor. The cervical spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott;1989. p.11-32.
11. Cho W, Maeda T, Park Y, Buchowski JM, Nabb CE, Riew D. The incidence of bifid C7 spinous processes. Global Spine J 2012;2(2):99-104.
12. Milligram MA, Rand N. Cervical spine anatomy. Spine State Art Rev 2000;14(3):521-32.
13. Joaquim AF, Ghizoni E, Rubino PA, Anderle DV, Tedeschi H, Rhoton AL Jr, et al. Lateral mass screw fixation of the atlas: surgical technique and anatomy. World Neurosurg 2010;74(2-3):359-62.
14. Roy-Camille R, Salient G, Mazel C. Internal fixation of the unstable cervical spine by a posterior osteosynthesis with plates and screws. In: Sherk H, editor. The cervical spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott;1989. p.390-403.
15. An HS, Coppes MA. Posterior cervical fixation for fracture and degenerative disc disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;(335):101-11.
16. An HS, Gordin R, Renner K. Anatomic considerations for plate-screw fixation of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976)1991;16(10 Suppl):S548-51.
17. Joaquim AF, MudoML, Tan LA, Riew KD. Posterior sub-axial cervical spine screw fixation: A review of techniques. Global Spine J 2018;8(7):751-60.
18. Nazarian SM, Louis RP. Posterior internal fixation with screw plates in traumatic lesions of the cervical spine. Spine(Phila Pa 1976) 1991;16(3 Suppl):S64-71.
19. Abdullah KG, Nowacki AS, Steinmetz MP, Wang JC, Mroz TE. Factors affecting lateral mass screw placement at C7. J Neurosurg Spine 2011;14(3):405-11.
20. Xu R, Haman SP, Ebraheim NA, Yeasting RA. The anatomic relation of lateral mass screws to the spinal nerves. A comparison of the Magerl, Anderson, and An techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1999;24(19):2057-61.
21. Heller JG, Carlson GD, Abitbol JJ, Garfin SR. Anatomic comparison of the Roy-Camille and Magerl techniques for screw placement in the lower cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa1976) 1991;16(10 Suppl):S552-7.
22. Stemper BD, Marawar SV, Yoganandan N, Shender BS, Rao RD. Quantitative anatomy of sub-axial cervical lateral mass: An analysis of safe screw lengths for Roy-Camille and Magerl techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33(8):893-7.
2. Farey ID, Nadkarni S, Smith N. Modified Gallie technique versus transarticular screw fixation in C1-C2 fusion. Clin Orthop Relat Res1999;(359):126-35.
3. Ghori A, Le HV, Makanji H, Cha T. Posterior fixation techniques in the sub-axial cervical spine. Cureus 2015;7(10):e338. doi:10.7759
4. Anderson PA, Henley MB, Grady MS, Montesano PX, Winn HR. Posterior cervical arthrodesis with AO reconstruction plates and bone graft. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1991;16(3 Suppl):S72-9.
5. Jeanneret B, Magerl F, Ward EH, Ward JC. Posterior stabilization of the cervical spine with hook plates. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1991;16(3 Suppl):S56-63.
6. Klekamp JW, Ugbo JL, Heller JG, Hutton WC. Cervical transfacet versus lateral mass screws: A biomechanical comparison. J Spinal Disord 2000;13(6):515-8.
7. Abumi K, Kaneda K. Pedicle screw fixation for non-traumatic lesions of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997;22(16):1853-63.
8. Ilgenfritz RM, Gandhi AA, Fredericks DC, Grosland NM, Smucker JD. Considerations for the use of C7 crossing laminar screws in sub-axial and cervicothoracic instrumentation. Spine 2013;38(4):E199-204.
9. Johnson R. Anatomy of the cervical spine and its related structures. In: Torg JS, editor. Athletic injuries to the head, neck, and face. 2nd ed. St Louis: Mosby Year Book;1991. p.371-83.
10. Parke WW, Sherk HH. Normal adult anatomy. In: Sherk H, editor. The cervical spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott;1989. p.11-32.
11. Cho W, Maeda T, Park Y, Buchowski JM, Nabb CE, Riew D. The incidence of bifid C7 spinous processes. Global Spine J 2012;2(2):99-104.
12. Milligram MA, Rand N. Cervical spine anatomy. Spine State Art Rev 2000;14(3):521-32.
13. Joaquim AF, Ghizoni E, Rubino PA, Anderle DV, Tedeschi H, Rhoton AL Jr, et al. Lateral mass screw fixation of the atlas: surgical technique and anatomy. World Neurosurg 2010;74(2-3):359-62.
14. Roy-Camille R, Salient G, Mazel C. Internal fixation of the unstable cervical spine by a posterior osteosynthesis with plates and screws. In: Sherk H, editor. The cervical spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott;1989. p.390-403.
15. An HS, Coppes MA. Posterior cervical fixation for fracture and degenerative disc disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;(335):101-11.
16. An HS, Gordin R, Renner K. Anatomic considerations for plate-screw fixation of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976)1991;16(10 Suppl):S548-51.
17. Joaquim AF, MudoML, Tan LA, Riew KD. Posterior sub-axial cervical spine screw fixation: A review of techniques. Global Spine J 2018;8(7):751-60.
18. Nazarian SM, Louis RP. Posterior internal fixation with screw plates in traumatic lesions of the cervical spine. Spine(Phila Pa 1976) 1991;16(3 Suppl):S64-71.
19. Abdullah KG, Nowacki AS, Steinmetz MP, Wang JC, Mroz TE. Factors affecting lateral mass screw placement at C7. J Neurosurg Spine 2011;14(3):405-11.
20. Xu R, Haman SP, Ebraheim NA, Yeasting RA. The anatomic relation of lateral mass screws to the spinal nerves. A comparison of the Magerl, Anderson, and An techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1999;24(19):2057-61.
21. Heller JG, Carlson GD, Abitbol JJ, Garfin SR. Anatomic comparison of the Roy-Camille and Magerl techniques for screw placement in the lower cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa1976) 1991;16(10 Suppl):S552-7.
22. Stemper BD, Marawar SV, Yoganandan N, Shender BS, Rao RD. Quantitative anatomy of sub-axial cervical lateral mass: An analysis of safe screw lengths for Roy-Camille and Magerl techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33(8):893-7.
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Published
2020-08-17
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Review Article
