Prevalence and Related Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Children
Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Children
Keywords:
primary school children, body mass index, overweight, obesity, prevalenceAbstract
The prevalence of obesity among children is increasing worldwide. The diagnosis of obesity in children should be based on body mass index, which is an international criterion. But that criteria is not suitable for Thai children. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors associated to obesity from daily routine in primary school children, assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children and compare accuracy between the results of the diagnosis from the BMI (2000 IOTF) and the percentage of weight based on the height criteria. Participants were 694 students at the primary school in Phitsanulok. Anthropometric measurements of the body weight and height in children were collected while parents answered the questionnaires to determine the children's health behaviors. Factors associated with obesity among children were females and eating snacks and sugary drinks during the day (p = 0.010 and 0.031, respectively). The prevalence of overweight diagnosed by BMI 14.3%, obesity 11.2% while using the weightbased criteria for height, 14.3% of overweight and 11.5% of obesity. Both criteria gave very good comparable diagnostic results (kappa = 0.86). It can be concluded that obesity related with daily routine. The diagnosis of obesity in Thai children by international criteria found the prevalence similar to that of the diagnosis by weight based on height criteria.This can be used as information for preparing guidelines to prevent obesity in children
References
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31. Neovius M, Linne Y, Barkeling B, Rössner S. Discrepancies between classification systems of childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2004;5(2):105-14.
32. Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Yanovski JA, Freedman DS, Shepherd JA, Graubard BI, et al. High adiposity and high body mass indexfor-age in US children and adolescents overall and by race ethnic group. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(4):1020-6.
2. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2000;894:i-253.
3. Collaborators GBDO, Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med 2017;377(1):13-27.
4. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Lawman HG, Fryar CD, Kruszon-Moran D, Kit BK, et al. Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 through 2013-2014. JAMA 2016;315(21):2292-9.
5. Jitnarin N, Kosulwat V, Rojroongwasinkul N, Boonpraderm A, Haddock CK, Poston WS. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Thai population: Results of the National Thai Food Consumption Survey. Eat Weight Disord 2011;16(4):e242-9.
6. Gupta N, Goel K, Shah P, Misra A. Childhood obesity in developing countries:Epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Endocr Rev 2012;33(1):48-70.
7. Power C, Lake JK, Cole TJ. Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997;21(7):507-26.
8. Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, Farooqi IS, Murad MH, Silverstein JH, et al. Pediatric obesity-assessment, treatment, and prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017;102(3):709-57.
9. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide:international survey. BMJ 2000;320(7244):1240-3.
10. Yamborisut U, Mo-Suwan L. Prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity in Thailand: A review. J Med Assoc Thai 2014; 97(1):44-51.
11. Wayne W. Biostatistics: A foundation of analysis in the health sciences. New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1995.
12. Ludwig DS, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. Relation between consumption of sugarsweetened drinks and childhood obesity:A prospective, observational analysis. Lancet 2001;357(9255):505-8.
13. Malik VS, Pan A, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sugarsweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98(4):1084-102.
14. Wang YC, Bleich SN, Gortmaker SL. Increasing caloric contribution from sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices among US children and adolescents, 1988-2004. Pediatrics 2008;121(6):e1604-14.
15. Juliusson PB, Eide GE, Roelants M, Waaler PE, Hauspie R, Bjerknes R. Overweight and obesity in Norwegian children: Prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors. Acta Paediatr 2010;99(6):900-5.
16. Veugelers PJ, Fitzgerald AL. Prevalence of and risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity. CMAJ 2005;173(6):607-13.
17. Mo-Suwan L, Nontarak J, Aekplakorn W, Satheannoppakao W. Computer game use and television viewing increased risk for overweight among low activity girls: Fourth Thai National Health Examination Survey 2008-2009. Int J Pediatr 2014;2014:364702.doi.org/10.1155/2014/364702
18. Jiang F, Zhu S, Yan C, Jin X, Bandla H, Shen X. Sleep and obesity in preschool children. J Pediatr 2009;154(6):814-8.
19. Rattanachuake S, Thaweekul P, Iamopas O, Suthutvoravut U. The 2014 clinical practice guideline management of childhood obesity [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2015 Dec 1]. Available from: http://www.thaipediatrics.org/cpg_file/CPGobesity_27_1_2015-.pdf
20. Garawi F, Devries K, Thorogood N, Uauy R. Global differencies between women and men in the prevalence of obesity: Is there an association with gender inequality?. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014;68(10):1101-6.
21. Kanter R, Caballero B. Global gender disparities in obesity: A review. Adv Nutr 2012;3(4):491-8.
22. Hart CN, Carskadon MA, Considine RV, Fava JL, Lawton J, Raynor HA, et al. Changes in children's sleep duration on food intake, weight, and leptin. Pediatrics 2013;132(6):e1473-80.
23. Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children in suburb Thailand defined by the International Obesity Task Force Standard. J Med Assoc Thai 2010;93(Suppl 2):S27-31.
24. Nonboonyawat T, Pusanasuwannasri W, Chanrat N, Wongthanavimok N, Tubngern D, Panutrakul P, et al. Prevalence and associates of obesity and overweight among school-age children in a rural community of Thailand. Korean J Pediatr 2019;62(5):179-86.
25. Langendijk G, Wellings S, van Wyk M, Thompson SJ, McComb J, Chusilp K. The prevalence of childhood obesity in primary school children in urban Khon Kaen, northeast Thailand. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003;12(1):66-72.
26. Mo-suwan L, Geater AF. Risk factors for childhood obesity in a transitional society in Thailand. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996;20(8):697-703.
27. Collaboration NCDRF. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2,416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2017;390(10113):2627-42.
28. Skinner AC, Ravanbakht SN, Skelton JA, Perrin EM, Armstrong SC. Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999-2016. Pediatrics 2018;141(3):1-9.
29. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Boyce WF, Vereecken C, Mulvihill C, Roberts C, et al. Comparison of overweight and obesity prevalence in school-aged youth from 34 countries and their relationships with physical activity and dietary patterns. Obes Rev 2005;6(2):123-32.
30. Fu WP, Lee HC, Ng CJ, Tay YK, Kau CY, Seow CJ, et al. Screening for childhood obesity: International vs population-specific definitions. Which is more appropriate?. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27(9):1121-6.
31. Neovius M, Linne Y, Barkeling B, Rössner S. Discrepancies between classification systems of childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2004;5(2):105-14.
32. Flegal KM, Ogden CL, Yanovski JA, Freedman DS, Shepherd JA, Graubard BI, et al. High adiposity and high body mass indexfor-age in US children and adolescents overall and by race ethnic group. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(4):1020-6.
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2020-10-15
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