Immune Responses to Dry Eye Diseases

Abstract

Dry eye disease is an ocular surface disease characterized by losing of homeostasis of the tear film. The  etiology is caused by an inadequate tear production or quality deficiency of tear film resulting in rapidly tear  film evaporation. It is accompanied by hyperosmolarity of the tear film. The exposure of the ocular surface to  the hyperosmolar tear film activates both of innate and adaptive immune system. Inflammatory response  represents a major mechanism leading to the secretion of inflammatory mediators in tear, following by the  impairment of the ocular surface with abnormal ocular symptoms. Biochemical tear components including  inflammatory mediators are evaluated as a diagnostic biomarker of dry eye disease severity. The treatment  consists of artificial tear and anti-inflammatory drugs