The Effect of a Protection Motivation-Based Program on Behaviors to Delay Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Secondary Healthcare Units

Abstract

This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of a disease prevention motivation program on renal function delay behaviors in type 2 diabetes patients at secondary healthcare facilities. The study utilized the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) framework. The sample size was calculated using the formula for comparing the means of two independent groups (α = 0.05, 80% power factor) and adding a 10% loss margin, resulting in 34 participants per group. Systematic random sampling was used to select type 2 diabetes patients from healthcare facilities based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality assurance of the instrument included content validity (IOC ≥ 0.5) assessed by three experts, and reliability consisted of knowledge of diabetes and renal complications was assessed using KR-20 = 0.75. perceived risk, perceived severity, expected outcome, perceived self-efficacy, and behaviors to delay renal function loss had Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81, 0.71, 0.89, 0.84, and 0.78 respectively. The intervention lasted 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week post-intervention follow-up. Outcomes were compared between groups pre-intervention, post-intervention, and post-intervention using ANCOVA, and clinical outcomes were compared and analyzed using t-test.

The results revealed that after comparing the results between groups, the experimental group had significantly higher scores on knowledge about diabetes and kidney complications, perceived risk of diabetes complications, perceived severity of diabetes and kidney complications, expected outcomes, self-efficacy of diabetic patients, and behaviors to delay kidney function loss. Furthermore, clinical outcomes were significantly improved at the 0.05 level compared to the control group.