การพัฒนารูปแบบการเจาะเลือดเพื่อลดรอยช้ำและความเจ็บปวดในผู้ป่วยนอก โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี

Patchapron Poolchai; Cherlin  Sirisethsop; Khanittha  Nakkliang

Authors

Patchapron Poolchai Master of Public Health Program, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani Province
Cherlin Sirisethsop Faculty of Public Health, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani Province
Khanittha Nakkliang Faculty of Public Health, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thani Province

Keywords:

Venipuncture model, Bruising, Pain, Outpatients, Patient satisfaction

Abstract

This mixed-methods research aimed to: 1) develop a venipuncture model to reduce bruising and pain among outpatients, and 2) compare bruising and pain levels between patients receiving the conventional venipuncture technique and the newly developed technique at the outpatient department, Ramathibodi Hospital. The study consisted of two phases. Phase 1 was a qualitative study using focus group discussions with six healthcare professionals involved in venipuncture. The research instrument consisted of focus group discussion guidelines, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. Phase 2 was a quasi-experimental study. The sample consisted of 60 outpatients receiving venipuncture services at the outpatient department, Ramathibodi Hospital. Participants were equally assigned into a control group and an experimental group, with 30 participants in each group, using matched simple random sampling. The research instruments included the developed venipuncture model, a bruising assessment form, a pain assessment scale, and a patient satisfaction questionnaire, with a reliability value of 0.0830 Data were analyzed using statistical software. The statistics used included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and independent samples t-test.

The results revealed that: 1) the developed venipuncture model emphasized systematic practice, including pre-venipuncture preparation, appropriate technique selection, accurate procedural control, and patient care during and after venipuncture, as well as effective communication and patient guidance, which helped reduce tissue injury and improve venipuncture accuracy. 2) The experimental group receiving the newly developed venipuncture model had significantly lower bruising scores than the control group (experimental group: M = 1.37, S.D. = 0.49; control group: M = 2.40, S.D. = 0.50; t = -8.10, p <0.001). The experimental group also had significantly lower pain levels than the control group (experimental group: M = 0.33, S.D. = 0.61; control group: M = 2.87, S.D. = 1.28; t = -9.80, p <0.001). In addition, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher overall satisfaction than the control group (experimental group: M = 28.50, S.D. = 2.37; control group: M = 22.70, S.D. = 3.47 The findings suggest that innovation of venipuncture model focusing on procedural control, appropriate techniques, and systematic patient care can effectively reduce venipuncture-related complications and improve service quality. The model may be applied to enhance venipuncture practice standards in other healthcare settings.

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