ปริมาณฝุ่นละอองขนาดเล็ก PM2.5 และ PM10 กับความสัมพันธ์ของโรคที่มีความเกี่ยวเนื่องจากมลพิษทางอากาศในเขตจังหวัดสกลนคร

Abstract

Objective: To study the amount of small dust particles PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Sakon Nakhon Province. To analyze the relationship between 4 diseases: Asthma, Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Stroke from air pollution and the amount of small dust particles PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Sakon Nakhon Province. Methods: This research analyzed using descriptive statistics. Describe the characteristics of the sample studied, gender, age, including the description of Mean Standard Deviation (S.D.) Median Range = Maximum-Minimum or Maximum of health data for 4 diseases: Asthma, Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Stroke air quality data, PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and meteorological data including wind speed, wind direction, temperature, rainfall, temperature, relative humidity. and heat point Data analysis using inferential statistics, data analysis of air quality data and health effects of 4 diseases: Asthma, Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Stroke using Poisson Distribution, which is a Time-series Regression Design analysis, is the study method. Epidemiology is commonly used to assess the health effects of air pollution in the short term, taking into account the relationship between air pollution concentrations and health that changes over time. Results: Study of the number of patients receiving treatment for 4 diseases from air pollution and small dust particles PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Sakon Nakhon Province, but from 23 June 2021 - 31 December 2022, data from HDC, Sakon Nakhon Province has a total of 18 districts, period. Over 554 days, there were 20,787 patients who came to receive treatment for disease 4 from air pollution, an average of 50.76 people per district per 554 days. Poisson logistic regression analysis found factors associated with receiving treatment for Asthma, Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Stroke by multivariate analysis (Multivariable analysis Asthma). It was found that the factors PM_2.5 (µg/m³), PM₁₀ (µg/m³), sulfur dioxide gas (ppb), nitrogen dioxide (ppb), carbon monoxide (ppm) and ozone gas (ppb) were related to receiving treatment with Asthma, Pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Stroke (p-value<0.05) When controlling for air pollutant concentration factors, it was found that PM_2.5 (µg/m³) had a risk of being less than 1 times more likely to receive treatment for 4 diseases related to air pollution, and PM₁₀ (µg/m³).The risk of receiving treatment for 4 diseases related to air pollution was 1.02 times when comparing the concentration factor of air pollutants. Conclusion: Therefore, measures for control and prevention should be planned and monitor the problem of small dust particles PM_2.5 PM₁₀ and concentrations of air pollutants that affected health. There is notification of the situation as well as communicating the impact and guidelines for public health care practices. There are additional points to monitor PM_2.5 PM₁₀ and the concentration of air pollutants in various areas to provide coverage, including planning medical and public health preparedness for each sector covering all aspects.