Effect of Vernonia cinerea Lozenges for Smoking Cessation Aid on Quality of Life in Non-communicable Disease Patients
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effects of Vernonia cinerea lozenges on the quality of life of smokers with a history of non-communicable chronic disease. Method: This study was a part of the larger study “Effect of Vernonia cinerea lozenges as a smoking cessation aid in patients with non-communicable diseases” which was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The researchers randomly allocated patients into two groups i.e., 45 patients in the study group receiving Vernonia cinerea lozenges, one tablet three times per day, and 48 patients in the control group receiving a placebo one tab three times per day for 12 weeks. The study assessed the quality of life the subjects by using SF-12v2 before and after the use of Vernonia cinerea lozenges or placebo for one and three months. Results: Comparison of three measurements of quality of life between the intervention and control groups showed no statistically significant differences for general health (P=0.817), physical functioning (P=0.688), role limitation due to physical problems (P=0.423), role limitation due to emotional problems (P=0.523), bodily pain (P=0.385), mental health (P=0.251), vitality (P=0.816), physical component summary score (P=0.428), and mental component summary score (P=0.051). However, there was a significantly difference in social functioning dimension (P=0.011). However, analysis of the differences of quality of life between both the Vernonia cinerea lozenges group and the placebo group at the 1st and 3rd month found no statistically significant differences (P=0.447 and 0.131 respectively). Conclusion: Patients with non-communicable diseases using Vernonia cinerea lozenges for smoking cessation and those receiving placebo showed no significant differences in all dimensions of quality of life, except for social functioning, which statistically significant differences were noticed. Nonetheless, there was no statistically significant difference between the Vernonia cinerea lozenges group and the placebo lozenges group at the first and third months,
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ผลการวิจัยและความคิดเห็นที่ปรากฏในบทความถือเป็นความคิดเห็นและอยู่ในความรับผิดชอบของผู้นิพนธ์ มิใช่ความเห็นหรือความรับผิดชอบของกองบรรณาธิการ หรือคณะเภสัชศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ ทั้งนี้ไม่รวมความผิดพลาดอันเกิดจากการพิมพ์ บทความที่ได้รับการเผยแพร่โดยวารสารเภสัชกรรมไทยถือเป็นสิทธิ์ของวารสารฯ
References
World Health Organization. Tobacco [online]. 2023 [cited Aug 1, 2023]. Available from: www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health effects of cigarette smoking [online]. 2021 [cited Aug 1, 2023]. Available from: www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data _statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/index.htm#references
World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, third edition [online]. 2019 [cited Aug 1, 2023]. Available from: www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-global-rep ort-on-trends-in-prevalence-of-tobacco-use-2000-20 25-third-edition
National Statistical Office. The smoking and drinking behavior survey 2017. Bangkok: Pimdeekarnpim; 2018.
Rungruanghiranya S. Guidelines for the treatment of tobacco addiction in Thailand, 2012 edition. Bangkok : Sintaweekij Printing; 2012.
Puttarak P, Pornpanyanukul P, Meetam T, Bundita nukul K, Chaiyakunapruk N. Efficacy and safety of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2018; 37: 37-42.
Chaisawad S, Makanuntachote M. A study of smoking cessation therapy model using Vernonia cinerea Less. and natural cure at Theng Hospital, Chiangrai. Nonthaburi, Thailand: Office of the Alcohol Beverage and Tobacco Committee, Depart- ment of Diseases Control, Ministry of Public Health; 1996.
Leelarungrayub D, Pratanaphon S, Pothongsunun P, Sriboonreung T, Yankai A, Bloomer RJ. Vernonia cinerea Less. supplementation and strenuous exercise reduce smoking rate: relation to oxidative stress status and beta-endorphin release in active smokers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7: 21.
Wongwiwatthananukit S, Benjanakaskul P, Songsak T, Suwanamajo S, Verachai V. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea for smoking cessation. J Health Res. 2009; 23: 31-6.
Chaikoolvatana A, Ayuthaya ND, Suthipinittharm P, Chaikoolvatana C, Saisingh N, Manwong M. Deve- lopment and evaluation of the effectiveness of Vernonia cinerea (VC) cookies for smoking cessation. J Health Res 2017; 31: 23-32.
Kitpaiboontawee S. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea lozenge as an adjunct to pharmacist counseling on smoking abstinence rate: A randomized controlled trial [master thesis]. Songkhla: Prince of Songkla University; 2012.
Triphubskul W, Sithiphan C. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea for smoking cessation in Thai active smokers : a final report. Bangkok: Tobacco Control Research and Knowledge Management Center (TRC), Thai Health Promotion Foundation. 2011.
Chaikoolvatana A, Chandee S, Chaikoolvatana C, Sithibutra C. A comparison of smoking cessation drug therapies related quality of life between Vernonia cinerea tea and 0.5% sodium nitrate mouthwash. Nursing Journal 2015; 43: 94-104.
Kopp W. Pathogenesis of (smoking-related) non-communicable diseases-evidence for a common underlying pathophysiological pattern. Front Physiol 2022; 13: 1037750.
Parrott S, Godfrey C, Raw M, West R, McNeill A. Guidance for commissioners on the cost effective ness of smoking cessation interventions. Thorax 1998; 53: S2-37.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for corre- lation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods 2009; 41: 1149-60.
Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fager- strom KO. The Fagerstrom test for nicotine depen- dence: a revision of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Br J Addict 1991; 86: 1119-27.
National Drug Information. Herbal medicine list 2nd edition [online]. 2012 [cited Aug 1, 2023]. Available from: kpo.moph.go.th/webkpo/tool/Thaimed2555.pdf
Ware JE, Kosinski M, Dewey JE. How to score version two of the SF-36 health survey. Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric; 2000.
Saris-Baglama RM, Dewey CJ, Chisholm GB, Plumb E, King J, Rasicot P, et al. QualityMetric health outcomesTM scoring software 4.5 user’s guide. RI: QualityMetric; 2011.
Kasemsap W, Sakthong P, Pupha K. Report on the evaluation of the project to perform 8,000 heart surgeries as a tribute to His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary and presented as a royal merit on the 84th birthday of Her Royal Highness Princess Galyani Vadhana, Prince Narathiwat Rajanagarin dra. [place unknown]: [publisher unknown]; 2008.
Kangwanrattanakul K. Evaluation of psychometric properties of the Thai SF-12v2 in the general Thai population. Thai J Pharm Sci 2021; 45: 552-62.
Kanthain R, Leelarungrayub J, Likhitsathian S, Natakankitkul S. Efficacy of combined relaxed deep-breathing with chest mobilization exercise and Vernonia cinerea-hard candy on smoking cessation and oxidative stress in active teenage smokers. Pharmacogn J 2022; 14: 720-7.
Bouchet-Benezech B, Champanet B, Rouzaud P. Smoking cessation at the pharmacy: feasibility and benefits based on a French observational study with six-month follow-up. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2018; 9: 31-42.
Tian J, Venn AJ, Blizzard L, Patton GC, Dwyer T, Gall SL. Smoking status and health-related quality of life: a longitudinal study in young adults. Qual Life Res. 2016; 25: 669-85.
May JR, Jao NC, McCarter K, Klass E, Pearman T, Leone F, et al. Change in health-related quality of life among individuals with cancer undergoing smoking cessation treatment involving varenicline. Oncol Nurs Forum 2021; 48: 112-20.
Olufade AO, Shaw JW, Foster SA, Leischow SJ, Hays RD, Coons SJ. Development of the smoking cessation quality of life questionnaire. Clin Ther 1999; 21: 2113-30.
Shaw JW, Coons SJ, Foster SA, Leischow SJ, Hays RD. Responsiveness of the smoking cessation quality of life (SCQoL) questionnaire. Clin Ther. 2001; 23: 957–69.
Ware Jr JE, Gandek B, Ryan J. How to use the tobacco quality of life impact test (TQOLITv1) user manual, 2nd ed. Watertown, MA: John Ware Research Group; 2015.
Ware JE Jr, Gandek B, Kulasekaran A, Guyer R. Evaluation of smoking-specific and generic quality of life measures in current and former smokers in Germany and the United States. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2015; 13: 128.
Wongwiwatthananukit S, Upakorn SD, Naktuan T. Development and testing of Thai smoking cessation pharmaceutical therapy-related quality of life assessment instrument. Thai J Pharm Sci 2009; 29: 43-57.
