Obesity and the Kidneys: From Molecular Mechanisms to Modern Treatments
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Abstract
The rising global prevalence of obesity poses a significant public health challenge, strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and diabetes, collectively termed Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM). Obesity contributes to progressive kidney damage, potentially leading to end-stage kidney disease, through mechanisms such as obesity-related glomerulopathy, altered renal hemodynamics, adipokine dysregulation, lipotoxicity, and chronic inflammation. Bariatric surgery, while highly effective for weight reduction and renoprotection, involves substantial risks due to its invasive nature. This has spurred the development of anti-obesity medications and novel drugs targeting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, offering safer, more effective options. Despite limited guidelines and data on the renal benefits of these therapies for patients with chronic kidney disease, further research is crucial.
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