Identification of Ketamine in Urines of Nightclubbers Using Paper Spray High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Keywords:
Ketamine, Paper spray high-resolution mass spectrometry, Solid phase extraction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometryAbstract
Ketamine abuse among nightclubbers is becoming popular among Thai teenagers. Drug tests is required to be performed with the standardized and rapid method to identify the compounds of abuse. Solid phase extraction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (SPE LC-MS/MS) is the standard method but possesses disadvantage of time consuming. Paper spray high-resolution mass spectrometry (PS-HRMS) is a novel, rapid identification method that does not need the process of sample preparation. This study aims to explore ketamine abuse pattern in nightclubbers and assesses the possibility of applying PS-HRMS to identify ketamine in the suspect’s urine sample comparing with the standard method, SPE LC-MS/MS. A total of 149 ketamine positive urine samples of nightclubbers were examined for the pattern of ketamine abuse using SPE LC-MS/MS while 20 randomized urine samples were analyzed for ketamine concentration using PS-HRMS and SPE LC-MS/MS. The results demonstrated pattern of ketamine use that 51.68% of the cases using only ketamine, 38.93% using ketamine and MDMA while the remaining minor of the cases using ketamine with others. Comparing concentrations of ketamine in 20 urine samples detected by both methods, it was demonstrated that concentrations of ketamine detected by PS-HRMS were mostly lower than those detected by SPE LC-MS/MS, but PS-HRMS showed good qualitative agreement with SPE LC-MS/MS. The total analysis times between PS-HRMS and SPE LC-MS/MS were 40 and 600 minutes, respectively. Thus, PS-HRMS was appropriated for qualitative rapid determination of ketamine in urine.
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