EAU Heritage Journal Science and Technology (Online)

Sleep Quality in Adults: An Essential Foundation for Health

2025-08-28T12:35:17+07:00

Sleep is a basic human activity and the natural process of humans that is essential for life. People of all ages need sleep, but the duration of sleep varies at different stages of life. Nowadays, adults, who are in the working age, face stress from various aspects, especially those who work in shifts, which can cause insomnia or insufficient sleep. Good sleep quality helps stimulate the brain to function effectively, impacting memory and learning, helps regulate emotions, energy metabolism, and immune responses. Conversely, insufficient or poor-quality sleep will affect physical, mental, and social health. In the short term, it causes emotional irritability, increasing the risk of workplace accidents and car accidents. Chronic insufficient sleep is associated with an increased risk of death as well as the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases including neurodegenerative disease. Quality sleep depends not only on the duration of adequate sleep, but also on the continuity and depth of sleep. This article will describe the importance of sleep quality, stage of sleep, sleep cycle, factors related to sleep, effects of poor-quality sleep, sleep quality assessment, and sleep hygiene for using as a guideline to promote health and increase quality of life.

Enhancing Aerodynamic Efficiency to Reduce Environmental Impact

2025-05-19T10:36:21+07:00

The aviation industry plays a crucial role in driving the global economy but currently faces environmental challenges from greenhouse gas emissions. This article presents an analysis of aerodynamic development in the aviation industry, focusing on the study of aerodynamic efficiency improvements to reduce environmental impact. The analysis results indicate that aerodynamic technology has positive effects on enhancing flight efficiency and reducing environmental impact, serving as a key driver for the aviation industry to achieve Net Zero Emissions targets by 2050.

Development and Safety Testing of Serum Products from Mimosa Left Extract in Normal Volunteers

2025-01-30T09:51:38+07:00

Mimosa (Mimosa pudica L.) is a local plant found throughout Thailand. It has many properties in traditional Thai medical textbooks, and currently, serum skin care products are very popular. Objective: To develop a serum from Mimosa pudica L. leaf extract and study its effectiveness on skin moisture. Method: The active compounds from Mimosa pudica were extracted with 85% ethanol for 7 days using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using the DPPH method. Three serum formulas were developed and tested for stability in 7 accelerated conditions at 5 and 45 degrees Celsius. Safety was evaluated, and skin moisture levels were measured using a Corneometer before and after 28 days of using the facial serum product from Mimosa pudica L. leaf extract. The statistics used for data collection included percentage, mean, standard deviation, P-value, and statistical test. Paired-sample t Test and Results: The extract of Mimosa pudica has antioxidant activity with an EC₅₀ value of 30.31±0.06 µg/mL. The standard BHT has an EC₅₀ value of 16.36±0.05 µg/ml. The stability test result indicated that Serum Formula 3 is a clear yellow color. The acidity-alkalinity did not change significantly. The serum texture did not separate. After using the facial serum formula 3 for 28 days, the average moisture value was 46.52±11.51, with a significance level of P<.05. Conclusion: Serum containing Mimosa pudica extract formula 3 has physical and chemical stability, with the best moisturizing effect. It can be further developed into skin care products.

Development of Acne Patches from Molineria latifolia Herb. ex Kurz Root Extract Containing Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects

2025-03-20T10:14:27+07:00

This experimental study aimed to investigate the biological properties of the extract from Molineria latifolia Herb ex Kurz. and develop an acne treatment patch product. The samples of M. latifolia were randomly collected from Phatthalung province. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, including percentages and means. The extracts from M. latifolia were tested for an inhibition effect on the C. acne bacteria, antioxidant activity, patch elasticity, and physical characteristics of the acne patch. A total of five formulations were developed. The result revealed that a formula containing pectin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), glycerol, and M. latifolia root extract was the best in terms of inhibiting C. acne bacteria and having an antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 15.70 µg/mL, and the elasticity value of the patch was -24.22 mm. The acne patch containing the extract from M. latifolia Herb. exhibited a soft texture, excellent elasticity, and a long period for skin adherence and maintained its physical properties without changes in odor or pH (ranging from 5.38 to 7), which meets the standard for products used on human facial skin. Additionally, the patch is convenient for carrying and using for individuals facing acne problems.

The Development of Triphala Gummy Lozenges using Sweetness from Licorice Extract

2025-03-10T13:35:08+07:00

This study aimed to develop Triphala jelly lozenges using sweetness derived from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) extract and to evaluate sensory acceptance. The study investigated appropriate amounts of sugar and glucose syrup for the physical properties of Triphala jelly in formulas 1, 2, and 3 and suitable concentrations of licorice extract in formulas 4, 5, and 6. Sensory acceptance was assessed among 30 healthy volunteers aged 18–60 years who tasted all six formulations and rated their preferences using a 9-point scale. The results showed that formula 3, consisting of 53.50% Triphala extract, 15.00% sugar, 15.00% glucose syrup, 15.00% gelatin, 0.50% citric acid, and 1.00% peppermint flavor, exhibited the most favorable physical properties, including the highest values of chewiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and hardness, along with the lowest springiness. Formula 5, with 10% licorice extract, displayed the best physical properties with the addition of licorice extract and a decrease in the amount of glucose syrup. The sensory evaluation indicated no statistically significant differences (p≤.05) among the six formulations in terms of color, taste, springiness, aftertaste, and overall preference. However, formula 1 received the highest mean scores for taste, springiness, aftertaste, and overall preference, followed by formula 4. These findings suggest that Triphala jelly lozenges sweetened with licorice extract possess appropriate physical properties and are comparably acceptable to consumers as those sweetened with only sugar and glucose syrup. As a result, Triphala jelly lozenges present a viable substitute for customers looking for goods that promote health.

Development of an Inventory Management System on a Mobile Application using Machine Learning Technology

2025-04-25T09:48:37+07:00

This research focuses on enhancing inventory management efficiency to reduce operational expenses and increase profitability for businesses. The objectives of the study are (1) to develop a mobile application integrated with a Point of Sale: POS system for barcode scanning and in-store sales and (2) to implement a predictive purchasing system using machine learning technology. The Gradient Boosting Regression model was found to yield the best performance, achieving MAE=1.4320, MSE=3.7344, RMSE=1.9270, R²=0.7148, and MAPE=0.4953; (3) to increase profits and reduce unnecessary costs caused by excess inventory and hardware installation, including complex software systems that are not user-friendly for inexperienced staff; and (4) to evaluate system performance and user satisfaction. The evaluation was conducted with 30 targeted small business owners who currently operate without automated inventory systems. Five aspects were assessed: (1) inventory management and adjustment (=3.64, SD=0.54); (2) POS system usability (= 4.12, SD= 0.17); (3) forecasting-based purchasing decisions (=3.97, SD=0.07); (4) system accuracy and data security (=3.80, SD= 0.20); and (5) user interface design (=4.22, SD=0.22). The results indicate that the application effectively meets user needs, particularly in terms of design and usability. Therefore, the developed application is well-suited for small businesses seeking to adapt to the rapidly evolving marketplace.

Development of a Low-Cost Flood Warning System using IoT Technology and LoRaWAN Network: A Case Study of Ban Tharn Prasat Village

2025-04-02T10:16:26+07:00

This research aims to develop a real-time flood early warning system using IoT technology and a LoRaWAN network for deployment in rural areas frequently affected by recurrent floods. The developed prototype system consists of three ultrasonic water level sensors and a rain gauge sensor, connected to a microcontroller that transmits data via the LoRaWAN network to a Raspberry Pi gateway. The gateway records the data onto a cloud database (Google Sheets) and displays the results on a real-time dashboard via Looker Studio. The system is powered by a solar panel coupled with a battery, enabling continuous operation even during power outages. It automatically sends alerts through the LINE Application when the water level exceeds a predefined threshold, warning schools and communities to prepare for the flood hazard in advance. Experimental results, gathered over a random 20-day period, demonstrate that the system can continuously and accurately measure water levels and rainfall amounts, achieving an average error of 7%. The standard deviation of the data collected over the 20 days was 39.71. Data was transmitted in real-time, and the flood alerts were delivered promptly, resulting
in schools and communities receiving information faster to mitigate flood damage. The developed system is low-cost, low-power consumption, and offers reliable long-range communication. Furthermore, it is easy to maintain and excellently supports deployment in remote areas with limited communication infrastructure. It significantly helps reduce the impact of floods and enhances the efficiency of water resource management and disaster response in the study area.

Comparison of Monthly Rainfall Forecasting Methods in Narathiwat Province

2025-07-04T10:36:10+07:00

Narathiwat Province exhibits pronounced seasonal variability in average monthly rainfall, which significantly impacts water resource management and disaster preparedness. This study aims to analyze time series patterns and compare the forecasting accuracy of Holt-Winters’ Additive Exponential Smoothing: HW-AES and the Box-Jenkins ARIMA: ARIMA models. The analysis is based on 132 observations of monthly average rainfall from January 2013 to December 2023. Model performance was evaluated using Mean Absolute Percentage Error: MAPE, Root Mean Square Error: RMSE, and the smallest absolute differences between observed and forecasted rainfall values. The results revealed that the Holt-Winters’: HW model outperformed the ARIMA model, with a lower MAPE (83.86%), RMSE (46.27 millimeters: mm), and forecast-observation difference (116.65 mm), compared to ARIMA’s MAPE (198.26%) and RMSE (100.89 mm). The forecasted rainfall for 2024 showed the lowest value in March (46.03 mm) and the highest in November (402.42 mm). These findings suggest that the HW-AES model is more appropriate for forecasting in regions with distinct seasonal rainfall patterns.

Development of Effervescent Powder Containing Ya Thatu Obchey Remedy and Quality Control by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2025-05-15T11:38:48+07:00

This study aimed to develop an effervescent powder formulation of Ya Thatu Obchey and to analyze the chemical quality of the effervescent powder containing the extract of the remedy. Traditionally, Ya Thatu Obchey is prepared as a decoction, which has limitations in terms of taste, odor, and stability. This remedy is used to relieve bloating and flatulence. The research developed four prototype formulations. The effervescent powder of the Ya Thatu Obchey extract was developed from the F1 prototype, which had excellent flow properties and the best solubility, using wet granulation with citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate as effervescent agents. The resulting effervescent powder of the Ya Thatu Obchey extract exhibited a reddish-brown color, immediate effervescence upon dissolution in water, a pleasant aroma, and a slightly sour taste, and the average effervescence time was 50.67±2.49 seconds. After preparation, the powder was packaged in heat-sealed aluminum foil bags and stored in a moisture-absorbing glass jar for 10 weeks. The average effervescence time was 55.1±1.87 seconds, and no caking of the powder was observed. Chemical quality analysis of the effervescent powder using HPLC showed a retention time at 4.10, consistent with the gallic acid standard. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed effervescent powder of Ya Thatu Obchey extract contains gallic acid as a key component, which can be used as a marker for product quality control.

Antioxidant and Antityrosinase Activities of a Fermented Solution from Moringa oleifera Leaves by Aspergillus niger TISTR 3240 for Skin Care Emulgel Development

2025-06-12T16:29:59+07:00

This research aimed to study the fermentation of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.), evaluate the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the fermented solution, and develop a skincare product. Moringa leaf powder was fermented with Aspergillus niger TISTR 3240 for 1–3 days, and the fermented solution was analyzed. The results showed that fermentation for 1 day yielded the highest total phenolic content (14.60±0.29 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry herb) and total flavonoid content (3.08±0.08 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry herb). The highest antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH assay of 95.81±3.89% was observed on day 3, while the highest Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power: FRAP of 22.01±0.79 mM Fe2+/g dry herb was on day 1. The maximum tyrosinase inhibition of 75.84±0.07% was also found on day 1. The fermented solution from day 1 was then used to formulate an emulgel skincare product. Among the 13 tested formulations, formula ME-13, which contains a 1% w/w solution fermented for one day, was the best formulation. It exhibited superior physical, chemical, and microbiological stability after 28 days of storage at room temperature. In conclusion, the fermented solution of moringa leaves-especially those obtained after one day of fermentation-exhibited notable antioxidant properties and effectively inhibited tyrosinase activity. The emulgel formulation ME-13, which includes the fermented moringa extract, has promising potential for development as a skincare cosmetic product and for future commercial applications.

Conceptual Design of High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite

2025-06-20T12:45:57+07:00

In the context of modern security, which is characterized by complexity and rapid transformation, High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite: HAPS technology is regarded as a future-oriented solution capable of enhancing or replacing existing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: UAVs and satellite systems. With applications in surveillance and reconnaissance, this research aims to develop a conceptual design approach for solar-powered HAPS, emphasizing simplicity and practical applicability under constraints related to energy, weight, and environmental conditions at altitudes 17 kilometers above sea level. The proposed design approach includes an analysis of the mass-energy balance, an assessment of solar energy potential within the climatic context of Thailand, and the estimation of aerodynamic parameters such as power-to-weight ratio and wing loading. The study presents a prototype aircraft with a total weight of 77 kilograms and a wingspan not exceeding 30 meters, capable of continuous operation for more than 24 hours for a minimum duration of one month. Furthermore, the system is equipped with real-time data transmission capabilities via ground-based communication networks.

Enhancing the Efficiency of Solar Cells by Automatic Water Cooling

2025-06-13T12:45:10+07:00

Solar cells are increasingly popular for electricity generation due to their clean energy nature. However, their efficiency decreases at high temperatures, especially in hot climates where cell temperatures can reach up to 70°C, resulting in a significant reduction in power output. The objective of this research was to increase the efficiency of solar cells by automatic water cooling. It used two 300-watt monocrystalline solar panels: one without a cooling system and one with a cooling system. The automatic control system uses a microcontroller ESP8266, a 12-volt DC water pump with a flow rate of 60 liters/min, and 24 water release holes, operating based on the set temperature condition of 50°C and stopping working when the temperature drops to 40°C. The experiment was conducted during April, from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm, recording data every 15 minutes. The results showed that water-cooled solar cells had higher efficiency than those without a cooling system, at 20.05 and 18.49, respectively. The average temperature of both types of solar cells was 46.26 and 61.50°C. The time with the highest solar intensity was at 12:00 pm, with a voltage and current of 41.28 volts and 7.30 amperes.

Pace and Stride Frequency Kit for Running, Utilizing Auditory and Visual Cues to Direct the Run at the Specified Frequency, Pace and Stride Length

2025-06-26T12:20:32+07:00

The aims of this research were to (1) create a pacing and stride length device and (2) evaluate the device’s accuracy based on stride frequency and stride length measurements. The device analyzes picture data from the runner’s movements to ascertain the optimal settings for the individual. The research approach encompassed (1) analyzing design needs and specifications, (2) delineating essential characteristics, (3) selecting components, (4) developing and constructing the light and sound device, and (5) evaluating the device’s functionality. A stopwatch with a resolution of 0.01 seconds was employed to assess accuracy at stride frequencies of 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, and 320 strides per minute. A millimeter-scale measuring tape was employed to ascertain the stride length of the device at intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 cm. The accuracy percentage (% was utilized to denote the device’s performance, with an acceptable margin of error not exceeding ± 5%. The experimental findings indicated that (1) the maximum accuracy for stride frequency was 1.32%, and (2) the maximum accuracy for stride length display was 1.62%. Both stride frequency and stride length precision achieved the predetermined aim established in this investigation, which was no greater than 5%. This research yields a prototype apparatus for measuring stride frequency and stride length, applicable for analyzing energy-efficient running metrics and functioning as a training instrument to identify the best frequency and stride length for individual runners.

Development of Smart Repair Request System via Chatbot A Case Study of Local Government Organization at Huai Niao Subdistrict Municipality

2025-07-07T11:21:10+07:00

Public infrastructure problem management in local government organizations continues to face challenges, including delays in reporting and tracking, lack of effective communication channels, and absence of transparent monitoring systems. While chatbot technology has been adopted by various organizations, there remains a lack of in-depth studies on implementing LINE chatbots for local-level public infrastructure problem management. This research aims to (1) develop a public infrastructure problem reporting and tracking system via LINE Chatbot for citizens in local government areas, and (2) evaluate system effectiveness in terms of accuracy, usability, and user satisfaction levels. The researchers employed a research and development approach by developing a prototype system integrated with the LINE API. The system was tested with a sample group of 135 participants in Huai Niao Subdistrict Municipality, comprising service users, operational staff, and information technology experts. Data were collected through system usage testing and satisfaction questionnaires, then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Research findings showed that the system effectively met user requirements, supporting repair reporting, GPS location identification, and interactive responses efficiently. User satisfaction evaluation results were at high levels (overall mean: 4.50 out of 5.00), particularly in terms of usability and response speed. This research demonstrates the potential of LINE Chatbots in improving public service quality, providing guidelines for local government organizations to implement technology for enhanced service efficiency and citizen participation in the digital era.

Design and Development of a Video-Based Work Time Analysis System for Industrial Production Lines

2025-07-16T12:42:19+07:00

Currently, the stopwatch method is widely used for measuring work time in production processes; however, it still has limitations in terms of accuracy, continuity, and labor requirements, often leading to errors and difficulties in retrospective verification. This research aims to design and develop a video-based work time analysis system for industrial production lines using web technologies combined with statistical data analysis, in order to enhance accuracy and overcome the limitations of traditional methods. The developed system is a web-based application that supports video uploads from workstations and calculates standard time along with statistical measures such as mean, median, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Experimental results from a simulated production line with 11 workstations showed that the system reduced manual time recording from over 110 instances to a single video upload per station. Moreover, it achieved a coefficient of variation (CV) as low as 0.74%, reflecting higher accuracy compared to the traditional stopwatch method.Therefore, the proposed system can be effectively applied to calculate standard time and support systematic analysis of production processes, ensuring practical and reliable use in industrial environments.

Experiences of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Regarding Medication Adherence: A Qualitative Study

2025-08-27T09:17:21+07:00

This study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with depression regarding medication adherence. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed. The participants were 15 patients, diagnosed with depression by psychiatrists using DSM-5 criteria, who had prior experience with antidepressant medication. Participants were selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted between August and October 2025 and were analyzed using content analysis. The results revealed four key aspects: (1) Perceptions of medication use: Patients revealed an awareness of using medication to control emotions, which resulted in consistent medication-taking behavior as part of their daily routine. (2) Factors influencing medication adherence: Family members played a supportive role in helping patients take their medication, while healthcare professionals provided knowledge and closely monitored their symptoms. (3) Barriers to medication adherence: Patients expressed fears of becoming dependent on medication, held beliefs that mental illness could be cured without medication, and lacked adequate understanding of depression. (4) Outcomes of medication adherence: Antidepressants enabled patients to better control their symptoms and emotions, resulting in improved quality of life, the ability to resume social roles, and a sense of self-worth through successful self-management. In conclusion, patients with depression exhibit diverse experiences and perspectives regarding medication use, encompassing both perceived benefits and limitations.

Competency and Role Model of Village Public Health Volunteers (VHV) Prototype Khlong luang District, Pathum Thani Province

2025-09-15T14:27:41+07:00

The study on the competency and roles model of Village Health Volunteers: VHV in Klong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province, is an exploratory (survey) study. Its objectives are: (1) to examine the competencies and roles of Village Health Volunteers in Klong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province; and (2) to develop a prototype model of Village Health Volunteer competencies. The population comprises 2,356 VHVs, with a sample size calculated using Taro Yamane’s formula, resulting in 500 respondents, selected via stratified sampling. Data were collected using a 5-point rating scale questionnaire. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, equal to 0.97. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). Findings indicate that VHVs in Klong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province are predominantly female and older adults. Overall competence and roles were at a “high” level across all dimensions, with attitudes-related competence and, particularly, the “liking for work” subdimension showing the highest mean. General health behaviors and the ability to perform duties also remained at a “high” level. From the presented model, the prototype VHV revealed that knowledge and attitudes are fundamental components that directly influence the health behaviors of VHVs, and these factors directly influence the defined roles according to foundational public health standards. Knowledge and attitudes are key mechanisms for sustainably and effectively enhancing the quality of life and health of community residents.