ซิฟิลิส: แนวทางการตรวจวินิจฉัยและการรักษา
ซิฟิลิส: การตรวจวินิจฉัยและการรักษา
คำสำคัญ:
ซิฟิลิส, เชื้อทรีโพนีมา พาลลิดัม, โรคติดต่อทางเพศสัมพันธ์บทคัดย่อ
ซิฟิลิสเป็นโรคติดต่อทางเพศสัมพันธ์ที่เกิดจากเชื้อทรีโพนีมา พาลลิดัม พบได้ทั่วโลก โดยเป็นผู้ป่วยรายใหม่ปีละ 6,000,000 ราย สำหรับประเทศไทยในปี พ.ศ. 2561 พบผู้ติดเชื้อ 11.51 ต่อประชากรแสนคนและมีแนวโน้มสูงขึ้นทุกปีโดยเฉพาะในกลุ่มวัยรุ่น โรค ซิฟิลิสสามารถรักษาได้ ดังนั้นการตรวจวินิจฉัยจึงเป็นสิ่งสำคัญ ปัจจุบันวิธีตรวจวินิจฉัยมีหลากหลาย แต่โรคซิฟิลิสนั้นมีหลายระยะ การเลือกวิธีตรวจ ตลอดจนแนวทางการตรวจวินิจฉัยต้องเหมาะสมกับระยะของโรคหรือตรงตามเป้าหมายของการตรวจวินิจฉัย บทความนี้นำเสนอข้อมูลทางชีววิทยาของเชื้อทรีโพนีมา พาลลิดัม การเกิดโรค วิธีตรวจ แนวทางการตรวจวินิจฉัย และการรักษา นอกจากนี้ยังเสนอแนวทางการตรวจคัดกรองในโลหิตบริจาค คำแนะนำสำหรับผู้เป็นซิฟิลิส และวิธีป้องกันโรคซิฟิลิส เพื่อสนับสนุน ความรู้ ความเข้าใจในเชื้อซิฟิลิส การเลือกวิธีตรวจ และการเลือกแนวทางการตรวจวินิจฉัยที่เหมาะสมสำหรับแต่ละห้อง ปฏิบัติการ และเป้าหมายของการตรวจ ซึ่งเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญในการควบคุมโรค
References
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2. Tramont EC. Syphilis in adults: From Christopher Columbus to Sir Alexander Fleming to AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(6):1361-71.
3. Kitayama K, Segura ER, Lake JE, Perez-Brumer AG, Oldenburg CE, Myers BA, et al. Syphilis in the Americas: A protocol for a systematic review of syphilis prevalence and incidence in four high-risk groups, 1980-2016. Syst Rev 2017;6(1):195-202.
4. CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC [online]. 2019 [cited 2020Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats18/default.htm
5. Department of Disease Control. Syphilis [online]. 2019 [cited 2020Jun 9]. Available from: https://ddc.moph.go.th/doe/journal_detail.php?publish=7718
6. Charoenwatanachokchai A, editor. National guideline on the manegement for the elimination of congenital syphilis in Thailand 2015. Bangkok: Graphic and Design Alphabet Publishing; 2014.
7. Singh AE, Romanowski B. Syphilis: Review with emphasis on clinical, epidemiologic, and some biologic features. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12(2):187-209.
8. Blut A. Treponema pallidum. Transfus Med Hemother 2005;32(3-4):174-83.
9. Biology Dictionary. Treponema pallidum [online]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 8]. Available from: https://biologydictionary.net/treponema-pallidum/
10. Keçici AlS. Syphilis: Intechopen [online]. 2017 [cited 2020 Jun 8]. Available from:https://www.intechopen.com/books/fundamentals-of-sexually-transmitted-infections/syphilis
11. Peeling RW, Hook III EW. The pathogenesis of syphilis: The great mimicker, revisited. J Pathol 2006;208(2):224-32.
12. LaFond RE, Lukehart SA. Biological basis for syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006;19(1):29-49.
13. French P. Syphilis. BMJ 2007;334 (7585):143-7.
14. Sukthankar A. Syphilis. Medicine 2010;38(5):263-6.
15. OrtizF. Syphilis: DiaSorin [online]. 2012[cited 2020 Jun 2]. Available from: https://www.diasorin.com/sites/default/files/allegati_prodotti/syphilis_booklet_m0870004183.pdf
16. Peeling RW, Mabey D, Kamb ML, Chen A-S, Radolf J, Benzaken A. Syphilis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017;3:17073. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.73
17. Ghanem KG, Ram S, Rice PA. The modern epidemic of syphilis. New Engl J Med 2020;382(9):845-54.
18. Kubanov A, Runina A, Deryabin D. Novel Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens for syphilis diagnostics: Current status and future prospects. Biomed Res Int 2017;2017:1-12.
19. Sambri V, Marangoni A, Eyer C, Reichhuber C, Soutschek E, Negosanti M, et al. Western immunoblotting with five Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens for serologic diagnosis of syphilis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001;8(3):534-9.
20. Wong EH, Klausner JD, Caguin-Grygiel G, Madayag C, Barber KO, Qiu JS, et al. Evaluation of an IgM/IgG sensitive enzyme immunoassay and the utility of index values for the screening of syphilis infection in a high-risk population. J Sex Transm Dis 2011;38(6):528-32.
21. Jo o Carlos R, Bottino G. Syphilis:Diagnosis, treatment and control. An Bras de Dermatol 2006;81(2):111-26.
22. Forrestel AK, Kovarik CL, Katz KA. Sexually acquired syphilis: Laboratory diagnosis, management, and prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020;82(1):17-28.
23. Ratnam S. The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2005;16(1):45-51.
24. Ho KK. Review on serologic diagnosis of syphilis. Hong Kong Dermatol Venereol Bulletin 2002;10(1):10-8.
25. Pakdee T, Permpikul P, Vejbaesya, Charoenwatanachokchai A. Detection of Treponema pallidum DNA in blood donors who positive serological syphilis screening test. J Hematol Transfus Med 2013;23(1):15-22.
26. Negash M, Wondmagegn T, Geremew D. Comparison of RPR and ELISA with TPHA for the diagnosis of syphilis: Implication for updating syphilis point-of-care tests in Ethiopia. J Immunol Res 2018;2018:2978419. doi.org/10.1155/2018/2978419
27. LiZ, Feng Z, Liu P, Yan C. Screening for antibodies against Treponema pallidum with chemiluminescentmicroparticle immunoassay:Analysis of discordant serology results and clinical characterization. Ann Clin Biochem 2016;53(5):588-92.
28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted treatment guidelines 2015. MMWR 2015;64(3):34-51.
29. Tsang RS, Radons SM, Morshed M. Laboratory diagnosis of syphilis: A survey to examine the range of tests used in Canada. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2011;22(3):83-7.
30. Binnicker MJ, Jespersen DJ, Rollins LO. Direct comparison of the traditional and reverse syphilis screening algorithms in a population with a low prevalence of syphilis. J Clin Microbiol 2012;50(1):148-50.
31. Dunseth CD, Ford BA, Krasowski MD. Traditional versus reverse syphilis algorithms:A comparison at a large academic medical center. Pract Lab Med 2017;8(9):52-9.
32. Chiewsilp P. Donor blood screening test for syphilis. J Hematol Transfus Med 2009;19(4):299-307.
33. Chaiwong K, Intharasongkroh D, Kimilar R, Songubol U, Wattanakul V, Khumnan N, et al. Evaluation of test kit for detect Treponema pallidum antibodies in donated blood with immunochromatographic strip. J Hematol Transfus Med 2014;24(3):261-7.
34. Brown DL, Frank JE. Diagnosis and management of syphilis. Am Fam Physician 2003;68(2):283-90.
35. Hook EW 3rd. Syphilis. The Lancet 2017;389(10078):1550-7.
36. Pastuszczak M, Wojas-Pelc A. Current standards for diagnosis and treatment of syphilis: Selection of some practical issues, based on the European (IUSTI) and US (CDC) Guidelines. Postep Derm Alergol 2013;30(4):203-10.
37. Portnoy J, Garson W. A preliminary report on RPR test for syphilis using unheated serum. Public Health Reports (1896-1970)1959;74(11):965-968. doi:10.2307/4590642
38. CDC. Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test. Atlanta, GA:US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC [online]. 2001 [cited 2020Sept 10]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_01_02/l36_b_met_ syphillis_serodia_treponema.pdf
2. Tramont EC. Syphilis in adults: From Christopher Columbus to Sir Alexander Fleming to AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(6):1361-71.
3. Kitayama K, Segura ER, Lake JE, Perez-Brumer AG, Oldenburg CE, Myers BA, et al. Syphilis in the Americas: A protocol for a systematic review of syphilis prevalence and incidence in four high-risk groups, 1980-2016. Syst Rev 2017;6(1):195-202.
4. CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC [online]. 2019 [cited 2020Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats18/default.htm
5. Department of Disease Control. Syphilis [online]. 2019 [cited 2020Jun 9]. Available from: https://ddc.moph.go.th/doe/journal_detail.php?publish=7718
6. Charoenwatanachokchai A, editor. National guideline on the manegement for the elimination of congenital syphilis in Thailand 2015. Bangkok: Graphic and Design Alphabet Publishing; 2014.
7. Singh AE, Romanowski B. Syphilis: Review with emphasis on clinical, epidemiologic, and some biologic features. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12(2):187-209.
8. Blut A. Treponema pallidum. Transfus Med Hemother 2005;32(3-4):174-83.
9. Biology Dictionary. Treponema pallidum [online]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 8]. Available from: https://biologydictionary.net/treponema-pallidum/
10. Keçici AlS. Syphilis: Intechopen [online]. 2017 [cited 2020 Jun 8]. Available from:https://www.intechopen.com/books/fundamentals-of-sexually-transmitted-infections/syphilis
11. Peeling RW, Hook III EW. The pathogenesis of syphilis: The great mimicker, revisited. J Pathol 2006;208(2):224-32.
12. LaFond RE, Lukehart SA. Biological basis for syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006;19(1):29-49.
13. French P. Syphilis. BMJ 2007;334 (7585):143-7.
14. Sukthankar A. Syphilis. Medicine 2010;38(5):263-6.
15. OrtizF. Syphilis: DiaSorin [online]. 2012[cited 2020 Jun 2]. Available from: https://www.diasorin.com/sites/default/files/allegati_prodotti/syphilis_booklet_m0870004183.pdf
16. Peeling RW, Mabey D, Kamb ML, Chen A-S, Radolf J, Benzaken A. Syphilis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017;3:17073. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.73
17. Ghanem KG, Ram S, Rice PA. The modern epidemic of syphilis. New Engl J Med 2020;382(9):845-54.
18. Kubanov A, Runina A, Deryabin D. Novel Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens for syphilis diagnostics: Current status and future prospects. Biomed Res Int 2017;2017:1-12.
19. Sambri V, Marangoni A, Eyer C, Reichhuber C, Soutschek E, Negosanti M, et al. Western immunoblotting with five Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens for serologic diagnosis of syphilis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001;8(3):534-9.
20. Wong EH, Klausner JD, Caguin-Grygiel G, Madayag C, Barber KO, Qiu JS, et al. Evaluation of an IgM/IgG sensitive enzyme immunoassay and the utility of index values for the screening of syphilis infection in a high-risk population. J Sex Transm Dis 2011;38(6):528-32.
21. Jo o Carlos R, Bottino G. Syphilis:Diagnosis, treatment and control. An Bras de Dermatol 2006;81(2):111-26.
22. Forrestel AK, Kovarik CL, Katz KA. Sexually acquired syphilis: Laboratory diagnosis, management, and prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020;82(1):17-28.
23. Ratnam S. The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2005;16(1):45-51.
24. Ho KK. Review on serologic diagnosis of syphilis. Hong Kong Dermatol Venereol Bulletin 2002;10(1):10-8.
25. Pakdee T, Permpikul P, Vejbaesya, Charoenwatanachokchai A. Detection of Treponema pallidum DNA in blood donors who positive serological syphilis screening test. J Hematol Transfus Med 2013;23(1):15-22.
26. Negash M, Wondmagegn T, Geremew D. Comparison of RPR and ELISA with TPHA for the diagnosis of syphilis: Implication for updating syphilis point-of-care tests in Ethiopia. J Immunol Res 2018;2018:2978419. doi.org/10.1155/2018/2978419
27. LiZ, Feng Z, Liu P, Yan C. Screening for antibodies against Treponema pallidum with chemiluminescentmicroparticle immunoassay:Analysis of discordant serology results and clinical characterization. Ann Clin Biochem 2016;53(5):588-92.
28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted treatment guidelines 2015. MMWR 2015;64(3):34-51.
29. Tsang RS, Radons SM, Morshed M. Laboratory diagnosis of syphilis: A survey to examine the range of tests used in Canada. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2011;22(3):83-7.
30. Binnicker MJ, Jespersen DJ, Rollins LO. Direct comparison of the traditional and reverse syphilis screening algorithms in a population with a low prevalence of syphilis. J Clin Microbiol 2012;50(1):148-50.
31. Dunseth CD, Ford BA, Krasowski MD. Traditional versus reverse syphilis algorithms:A comparison at a large academic medical center. Pract Lab Med 2017;8(9):52-9.
32. Chiewsilp P. Donor blood screening test for syphilis. J Hematol Transfus Med 2009;19(4):299-307.
33. Chaiwong K, Intharasongkroh D, Kimilar R, Songubol U, Wattanakul V, Khumnan N, et al. Evaluation of test kit for detect Treponema pallidum antibodies in donated blood with immunochromatographic strip. J Hematol Transfus Med 2014;24(3):261-7.
34. Brown DL, Frank JE. Diagnosis and management of syphilis. Am Fam Physician 2003;68(2):283-90.
35. Hook EW 3rd. Syphilis. The Lancet 2017;389(10078):1550-7.
36. Pastuszczak M, Wojas-Pelc A. Current standards for diagnosis and treatment of syphilis: Selection of some practical issues, based on the European (IUSTI) and US (CDC) Guidelines. Postep Derm Alergol 2013;30(4):203-10.
37. Portnoy J, Garson W. A preliminary report on RPR test for syphilis using unheated serum. Public Health Reports (1896-1970)1959;74(11):965-968. doi:10.2307/4590642
38. CDC. Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test. Atlanta, GA:US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC [online]. 2001 [cited 2020Sept 10]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_01_02/l36_b_met_ syphillis_serodia_treponema.pdf
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2020-10-02
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