Factors Affecting Access to COVID-19 Vaccination for the Stateless Population
Keywords:
COVID-19 vaccines, Stateless people, Factors, AccessAbstract
Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate factors that influence COVID-19 vaccination in the stateless population.
Methods: This research employed mixed methods. Data were collected from April 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022, through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with a sample of 15 key informants recruited from five provinces. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA.
Results: It was found that 8,686,301 vaccinations were administered (1-4 doses) to stateless population. A significant difference in the vaccination ratio among certain groups of people was found. Specifically, women received approximately 1.06 times more vaccination than males, and the biggest group who received vaccinations was those aged 18-39, accounting for approximately 60–70% of all vaccinations given. Cooperation between healthcare service providers and individuals is a key factor in successfully providing vaccination services to vulnerable groups. Factors that contributed to access to vaccination included: 1. the absence of discrimination in providing vaccination services, 2. local healthcare officials’ proactive work, 3. the use of different media and languages to raise awareness about vaccination, 4. the provision of information about vaccines can increase public trust in the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, and 5. appropriateness in the distribution and administration of vaccines as well as the convenience of the vaccination services.
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, local healthcare services have provided all groups with access to vaccines, including those with documentation issues or registered stateless individuals. The number of vaccine doses given to stateless people was 4,000,050, which was 6.42 times higher than the recorded number (623,335 people in 2022). This is necessary for agencies responsible for the stateless population to have an official database and cooperation with other relevant agencies to accurately track the demographics and distribution for effective management of public health services.
Downloads
References
กลุ่มงานหลักประกันสุขภาพ สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงสาธารณสุข. คู่มือแนวทางปฏิบัติ ตามมติ คณะรัฐมนตรี วันที่ 23 มีนาคม 2553 การให้สิทธิ (คืนสิทธิ) ขั้นพื้นฐาน ด้านสาธารณสุขกับบุคคลที่มีปัญหาสถานะและสิทธิ. กรุงเทพมหานคร: ชุมนุมสหกรณ์การเกษตร แห่งประเทศไทย จำกัด; 2555.
สำนักเลขาธิการคณะรัฐมนตรี. การให้สิทธิ (คืนสิทธิ) ขั้นพื้นฐานด้านสาธารณสุขกับบุคคลที่มีปัญหาสถานะและสิทธิ เพิ่มเติมและการจัดการสถานะและสิทธิในการบริการสาธารณสุขของบุคคลไร้รัฐไร้สัญชาติทั้งระบบ. ทำเนียบรัฐบาล; 2558.
กองเศรษฐกิจสุขภาพและหลักประกันสุขภาพ สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงสาธารณสุข. การให้สิทธิ (คืนสิทธิ) ขั้นพื้นฐานด้านสาธารณสุขกับบุคคลที่มีปัญหาสถานะและสิทธิ เพิ่มเติม. กองเศรษฐกิจสุขภาพและหลักประกันสุขภาพ สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงสาธารณสุข; 2563.
กองเศรษฐกิจสุขภาพและหลักประกันสุขภาพ สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงสาธารณสุข. การให้สิทธิ (คืนสิทธิ) ขั้นพื้นฐานด้านสาธารณสุขกับบุคคลที่มีปัญหาสถานะและสิทธิเด็กและบุคคลที่เรียนอยู่ในสถานศึกษา. กองเศรษฐกิจสุขภาพและหลักประกันสุขภาพ สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงสาธารณสุข; 2563.
UNHCR Thailand. UNHCR warns of vaccine gap risk for world’s stateless [Internet]. UNHCR Thailand. 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 3]. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/th/en/28257-unhcr-warns-of-vaccine-gap-risk-for-worlds-stateless.html
Zintel S, Flock C, Arbogast AL, Forster A, von Wagner C, Sieverding M. Gender differences in the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Z Gesundheitswissenschaften. 2022 Jan 7;1–25.
Marzo RR, Ahmad A, Abid K, Khatiwada AP, Ahmed A, Kyaw TM, et al. Factors influencing the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study from Malaysia. Vacunas. 2022 May;23:S33–40.
Handayani S, Rias YA, Kurniasari MD, Agustin R, Rosyad YS, Shih YW, et al. Relationship of spirituality, health engagement, health belief and attitudes toward acceptance and willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine. PloS One. 2022;17(10):e0274972.
Adedeji-Adenola H, Olugbake OA, Adeosun SA. Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults in Nigeria. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(2):e0264371.
Kamal AHM, Sarkar T, Khan MM, Roy SK, Khan SH, Hasan SMM, et al. Factors Affecting Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine Among Adults: A Cross-sectional Study in Bangladesh. J Health Manag. 2021 Oct 14;09735984211050691.
Neluvhalani VSJ. Statelessness and COVID-19 in South Africa. South Afr Public Law. 2022 Jul 5;37(1):28 pages-28 pages.
Burki T. Statelessness in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. 2021 Apr 24;397(10284):1529–30.
Barron GC, Laryea-Adjei G, Vike-Freiberga V, Abubakar I, Dakkak H, Devakumar D, et al. Safeguarding people living in vulnerable conditions in the COVID-19 era through universal health coverage and social protection. Lancet Public Health. 2022 Jan 1;7(1):e86–92.
Kitro A, Sirikul W, Piankusol C, Rirermsoonthorn P, Seesen M, Wangsan K, et al. Acceptance, attitude, and factors affecting the intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine among Thai people and expatriates living in Thailand. Vaccine. 2021 Dec 20;39(52):7554–61.
Thanapluetiwong S, Chansirikarnjana S, Sriwannopas O, Assavapokee T, Ittasakul P. Factors associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Thai Seniors. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021 Oct 31;15:2389–403.
Kitro A, Sirikul W, Dilokkhamaruk E, Sumitmoh G, Pasirayut S, Wongcharoen A, et al. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and influential factors among Thai parents and guardians to vaccinate their children. Vaccine X. 2022 Aug 1;11:100182.
หมอพร้อม กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. สถิติ รายงานข้อมูลการให้บริการ บน แพลตฟอร์ม หมอพร้อม [Internet]. หมอพร้อม. 2565 [cited 2022 Aug 7]. Available from: https://mohpromt.moph.go.th/mpc/mp-pf/statistics/
สำนักสารนิเทศ. สธ.แจงวัคซีนโควิด 16.8 ล้านโดสสำหรับ รพ.สต.เป็นโควตา จัดส่งระดับจังหวัด หากไม่พร้อมปฏิเสธได้ ไม่เกิดปัญหาล้นตู้เย็น [Internet]. 2565 [cited 2022 Aug 8]. Available from: https://pr.moph.go.th/?url=pr/detail/2/04/174878/
The Nation Thailand. Over 80% the people in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Chonburi, Songkhla fully vaccinated [Internet]. nationthailand. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 29]. Available from: https://www.nationthailand.com/blogs/in-focus/national/40009767
Tan J, Yoshida Y, Ma KSK, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lee CC. Gender differences in health protective behaviours and its implications for COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: a population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2022 Oct 12;22(1):1900.
Ishimaru T, Okawara M, Ando H, Hino A, Nagata T, Tateishi S, et al. Gender differences in the determinants of willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among the working-age population in Japan. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2021 Nov 2;17(11):3975–81.
Boon-itt S, Rompho N, Jiarnkamolchurn S, Skunkan Y. Interaction between age and health conditions in the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Thailand. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2021 Dec 2;17(12):4816–22.
Kaewkungwal J, Apidechkul T, Jandee K, Khamsiriwatchara A, Lawpoolsri S, Sawang S, et al. Application of Mobile Technology for Improving Expanded Program on Immunization Among Highland Minority and Stateless Populations in Northern Thailand Border. JMIR MHealth UHealth. 2015 Jan 14;3(1):e4.
Krassanairawiwong T, Suvannit C, Pongpirul K, Tungsanga K. Roles of subdistrict health office personnel and village health volunteers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Case Rep CP. 2021 Sep 1;14(9):e244765.
McCosker LK, El-Heneidy A, Seale H, Ware RS, Downes MJ. Strategies to improve vaccination rates in people who are homeless: A systematic review. Vaccine. 2022 May 20;40(23):3109–26.
World Health Organization. Ensuring the integration of refugees and migrants in immunization policies, planning and service delivery globally. Geneva, Switzerland; 2022 p. 108.
Pothisa T, Ong-Artborirak P, Seangpraw K, Tonchoy P, Kantow S, Auttama N, et al. Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Relationship with Preventive Behaviors and Vaccination among Adults in Northern Thailand’s Community. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan;19(3):1521.
Wongnuch P, Mulikaburt T, Apidechkul T, Srichan P, Tamornpark R, Udplong A, et al. Acceptance and accessibility to the early phase COVID-19 vaccination among the healthcare workers and hill tribe population in Thailand. Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 30;12:11035.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Singburi Hospital Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The published articles are copyrighted by Singburi Hospital.
The statements appearing in each article in this academic journal are the personal opinions of each author and are not related in any way to Singburi Hospital or other hospital personnel. Each author is solely responsible for all contents of their article. If there are any errors, each author alone will be responsible for their own article.
