การศึกษาผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพจากฝุ่นละอองขนาดไม่เกิน 2.5 ไมครอน (PM 2.5) จังหวัดลำปาง
Abstract
The study of health effects from fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Lampang Province, Thailand. The research examined the correlation between PM 2.5 levels and mortality, patients with diseases affected by PM 2.5, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases, and eye diseases. Daily average PM 2.5 data from the Pollution Control Department, mortality data from the Department of Provincial Administration, and outpatient data from public health facilities, classified by ICD-10 disease codes, were utilized. A time-series regression analysis with a Poisson distribution was employed to analyze the relationship between daily PM 2.5 levels and daily mortality and morbidity rates for various diseases, considering a lag time of 0-7 days. The lag time with the lowest p-value was selected as the representative. The results indicated that an increase of 10 µg/m³ in PM 2.5 exposure was associated with a relative risk of death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of 1.0053 (95% CI: 1.0021, 1.0085) and a relative risk of death from ischemic heart disease of 1.0031 (95% CI: 1.0002, 1.0060). Regarding hospitalizations, the highest risk was observed for respiratory diseases at a lag of 0 days, with a relative risk of 1.0021 (95% CI: 1.0020, 1.0022). COPD showed the highest risk at a lag of 2 days with a relative risk of 1.001861 (95% CI: 1.001442, 1.002279), while ischemic heart disease had the highest risk at a lag of 1 day with a relative risk of 1.0012 (1.0007, 1.0017). Stroke demonstrated the highest risk at a lag of 2 days with a relative risk of 1.0022 (1.0016, 1.0028), and skin and eye diseases showed the highest risk at a lag of 0 days with relative risks of 1.0017 (95% CI: 1.0013, 1.0021) and 1.0022 (95% CI: 1.0018, 1.0026), respectively. Our findings can be used as evidence to explore the relationship between PM 2.5 and health impacts. Leaders and policymakers need to pay attention in order to reduce the concentration of air pollution and set the health protection measures.
