Development of Preventive and Corrective Care Model for Anemic Pregnant Women at Public Hospital in Chiangmai

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to              1) know the anemic pregnant women situation

and preventive, corrective care for anemic pregnant women at public hospital in Chiangmai, 2) develop a preventive and corrective treatment model for anemic pregnant women and                3) Evaluation of preventive  and  corrective measures of anemia in pregnant women. We collected data from 2 sources, first from 440 pregnant women who attended health services in Chiangmai from 2014 to 2016. We studied about patient characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up data then analyzed by descriptive statistics. The other from the study on focus group (43 anemic pregnant women) about knowledge of anemia and care of pregnant women then analyzed by using content analysis. After we got the results to developed the prevention and correction model of anemic pregnant women with 4 comprehensive health care systems (health promotion, disease prevention, medical treatment and rehabilitation) with obstetricians and hematologists consultations.  After that, the model was taken to three pilot hospitals. 54 pregnant women receiving antenatal care in three pilot hospitals and were diagnosed anemia from February 2017 to May 2018 were evaluated. Comparisons of pre-test and post-test were performed by using          Z-test.

            The study indicated that The effectiveness of prevention and correction of anemia in pregnant women after using this model.  It was found that There was a significant difference (p< .05)  in 1)  diagnosis of anemia  using the hemoglobin criteria, 2)  anemic pregnant women who diagnosed  iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemic pregnant women with thalassemia trait received the appropriate iron supplementation, 3) increasing number of anemic pregnant women at 1 month follow-up,                 4) pregnant women without anemia  and pregnant women with anemia received an appropriate iron supplement after 2nd blood test. Age of first antenatal care and Hb typing of pregnant women with MCV <80 fl. not find any difference. The results of the operation that pregnant women without anemia after second blood test increased (p < .05).

            To resolve anemia in pregnant women, all 4 systems must be modified with clear standardized guidelines that met the context of each area with sufficient resources, family support and encouragement and participation of community and related organizations to effectively reduce the problems of anemia in pregnant women.