ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารที่มีโซเดียมสูงของประชาชนที่มารับบริการ ณ สถานีอนามัยเฉลิมพระเกียรติ 60 พรรษา นวมินทราชินีแห่งหนึ่งในจังหวัดพะเยา

Wassana  Kankom; Kanjana Sajai

Authors

Wassana Kankom Boromarajonnani College of Nursing, Phayao, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute
Kanjana Sajai Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Phayao Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute

Keywords:

Chronic Kidney Disease, Health Belief Model, High-sodium Dietary Consumption Behavior

Abstract

This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study aimed to examine high-sodium dietary consumption behaviors and the factors associated with such behaviors among people attending Chaloem Phra Kiat 60th Anniversary Nawamintharachini Health Promotion Hospital, Phayao Province, Thailand. A four-part interview questionnaire assessed personal characteristics, knowledge of chronic kidney disease (CKD), knowledge of risks from high-sodium consumption, and Health Belief Model perceptions. The validity of the instrument was determined by three experts, and the reliability of the instrument was determined to be good with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.82, 0.85, 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, Spearman's rank correlation and univariable binary logistic regression was used to estimate crude odds ratios (Crude ORs) and 95% confidence intervals.
The findings showed that 87.88% of participants exhibited poor dietary behaviors regarding high-sodium food consumption. Educational level showed a weak but statistically significant positive correlation with high-sodium dietary consumption (rs = +0.14, p = 0.01). Underlying disease was significantly associated with high-sodium dietary consumption behavior
(x²= 5.08, df = 1, p = 0.02), whereas age, sex, monthly income, and occupation were not significantly associated. All knowledge and Health Belief Model perception variables were significantly associated with high-sodium dietary consumption behaviors (p < 0.001): CKD knowledge (Crude OR = 86.56, 95% CI = 23.69–316.26), high-sodium risk knowledge (Crude OR = 75.71, 95% CI = 23.06–248.55), perceived severity of CKD (Crude OR = 56.21, 95% CI = 19.73–160.13), perceived benefits of reducing sodium consumption (Crude OR = 41.63, 95% CI = 16.22–106.86), and perceived barriers to reducing sodium consumption (Crude OR = 80.28, 95% CI = 21.50–299.83). These findings can be used to develop community-based educational programs to promote sodium reduction and to adapt northern Thai local dishes to lower-sodium options for the prevention of chronic kidney disease.

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