PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA IN PRETRM INFANTS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 34 WEEKS OF GESTATION WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Advanced neonatal care has improved survival rates of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, these infants were also found more complications, especially bronchopulmonary dysplasia that long-term effects to them. Knowing risk factors could prevent or decrease the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence and risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants less than or equal to 34 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Chiangrai Prachanukhroh Hospital. Medical records and x-ray film of 361 preterm infants less than or equal to 34 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome who were admitted for more than 28 days between 1 October 2013 and 30 September 2018 were reviewed.
RESULTS: The Prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 40.44%. Risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were found. The most related risk factor Odds ratio (OR) 17.19 times (95%CI=8.53, 34.65), was need for positive end expiratory pressure at post natal age days 7. The second most related risk factor was gestational age less than or equal to 28 weeks, at 5.46 times (95%CI=2.09, 14.28). APGAR’s score at 5 minutes less than 7 points was 3.06 times (95% CI=1.44, 6.54), and birthweight less than 1,500 grams was 2.05 times (95%CI 1.01, 4.17)
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION: Preterm infants less than or equal to 34 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome who needed positive end expiratory pressure at 7 days, had a gestational age less than or equal to 28 weeks, had a birthweight less than 1,500 grams, or had APGAR’s score at 5 minutes less than 7 points are at higher risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Awareness of these risk factors will enable initiatives to implement lung protective strategies.
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