Review Article: Pharmaceutical cares in Eczema

Abstract

Abstract

                Eczema or dermatitis, dermatologic disorders, which are commonly presented in clinical practices. Pathophysiology involved in eczema is associated with the dermatologic barrier dysfunction and inflammatory process occurred in epidermis and dermis. Some of these conditions are also related to genetic predisposition and external predisposing factors including contacts of allergens or irritants and fungal infection. Efficient eczema treatment depends on evaluation of disease progression, of which plays in an important role in selecting appropriate treatment. Acute eczematous inflammation reveals primary lesions as eczematous rash with vesicles and intense pruritus, treatment guidelines recommend the use of systemic corticosteroids in combination with wet dressing to reduce inflammation and relieve itching. Subacute eczematous inflammation is commonly presented with skin dryness, fine scales, and sometimes with acute eczematous lesions, treatment should consider topical moderate to high potency corticosteroids with suitable formulation for skin lesions to control disease progression. Chronic eczematous inflammation are usually thicken skin, xerosis with lichenification and moderate to severe pruritus, should be treated with topical corticosteroid in combination with occlusive dressing to increase the hydration of the lesions and to improve absorption. Alternative drugs for eczema treatment include calcineurin inhibitors that reduce T-lymphocyte activation, H1-receptor antagonists and antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus infection if symptoms and signs of bacterial infection observed. In addition, patients should be advised to take warmth bathing, not exceed 10 minutes, and use moisturizers to prevent skin dryness which could cause a flare-up of eczema.