Analysis of Factors Affecting the Efficiency and Electrical Energy Generation of Solar Photovoltaic Power Systems
Keywords:
solar energy, solar spectral distribution, photovoltaic module operating temperature, floating photovoltaic system, perovskite solar cellsAbstract
This article aims to analyze the factors affecting the efficiency and electrical energy production of photovoltaic power generation systems, covering the influences of solar spectrum and installation angle, module operating temperature, system installation configurations, geometric arrangement of photovoltaic panels, characteristics of installation areas, and the enhancement of perovskite solar cell performance using thermoelectric cooling systems. The results indicate that changes in installation angle affect the incident solar spectrum on the modules and the resulting power output, with an installation angle of approximately 35 degrees providing higher energy production than vertical installation, which yields about 28% lower energy output. In addition, reducing the operating temperature of the modules has a direct effect on the output voltage and power generation. Installation in shallow water layers of approximately 1–5 cm was found to reduce the operating temperature by about 20–26 °C and increase the output power by up to 12.90%. When comparing installation configurations, floating photovoltaic systems exhibit lower module operating temperatures than ground-mounted photovoltaic systems by up to 4.23 °C, resulting in a 10.44% increase in power output and an energy yield of 1,812 kWh/kWp, compared with 1,722 kWh/kWp for ground-mounted systems. From a system design perspective, the geometric arrangement of photovoltaic panels that enables multi-directional solar irradiance reception, as well as installation area characteristics such as roof geometry, affects the uniformity
of power output and space utilization efficiency. For perovskite solar cells, temperature control using thermoelectric cooling systems helps maintain cell performance, with a maximum efficiency of approximately 18.16% at an operating temperature of 27 °C, followed by a significant efficiency reduction at higher temperatures.
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