Development of Energy Models to Assess Energy Use and Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions for a Case Study in a Large Residential Building
Keywords:
building energy simulation, Net Zero Energy Building, Green Roof, carbon dioxide emission reductionsAbstract
This research aims to develop a three-dimensional (3D) energy model for large-scale residential buildings to evaluate energy consumption and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by implementing interconnected energy-saving measures. Such efforts are highly significant in supporting and promoting environmental impact mitigation within the building sector and in achieving sustainable development goals. Data from five prototype residential buildings in Thailand, each with a usable area exceeding 300 m², were utilized. A 3D energy model was created using SketchUp and OpenStudio, and energy consumption was analyzed using EnergyPlus. A total of 25 energy measures were incorporated, covering both physical design approaches, such as the selection of glazing and thermal insulation materials, and green space management through the installation of green roofs (Green Roof). The findings indicate that the most effective energy measures, specifically Double IGU with Low-E (4W4), AAC wall (8F3), PU Foam insulation (13I3), vinyl roofing (17R2), and a 50-cm green roof (25P5), can reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions by an average of up to 58% compared to the baseline prototype buildings. From an economic perspective, these reductions CO2 substantially lower long-term energy costs, especially when employing measures suited to the specific context of a building, such as materials and technologies with moderate initial costs but long-lasting performance. Furthermore, these measures enhance indoor comfort, decrease household expenditures, and improve the occupants’ quality of life. However, there are certain limitations to this study. The energy modelling process relies on assumptions regarding occupant behaviour and building characteristics derived from Thai buildings, which may not apply to other types of buildings or regions with different climatic conditions. Nevertheless, the findings of this research provide valuable insights for stakeholders, energy policymakers, and private sector entities interested in energy-efficient buildings, supporting informed decision-making for designing and retrofitting buildings to meet High Energy Performance Standards (HEPS) and to progress toward Net Zero Energy Buildings, an essential path toward promoting sustainability in the building sector in the future.
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