The Roles of Psychiatric Nurses for Risk Management to Prevent Repeated Suicide
Keywords:
risk, prevention, repeated suicide, the roles of psychiatric nurseAbstract
Repeated suicide is a serious problem that continues to escalate today, which has many risks. In particular, those with a history of suicide have a 38–40 times higher risk of repeat suicide than their first suicide. The number of repeated suicides is increasing day by day. It affects one’s self, family, society, and economy, which is twice as severe as the first suicide. Priority should be given to managing risk and protective factors by reducing the risk factors and increasing the protective factors of suicide. This article describes the role of psychiatric nurses in managing risk and protective factors. Psychiatric nurses play an important role in all aspects of patient care by reducing the risk factors and increasing the protective factors of suicide. Therefore, skills and knowledge are required based on the principles of holistic nursing practice in four dimensions, namely promoting, preventing, treating, and rehabilitating to prevent the recurrence of suicide, reduce the incidence of disability and the loss of self-harm, and finally allow patients to return to a normal life.
References
Acheampong, A. K., & Aziato, L. (2018). Suicidal ideations and coping strategies of mothers living with physical disabilities: A qualitative exploratory study in Ghana. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 360. doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1938-x
Anarmat, L. (2017). Therapy on depression of major depressive disorders patients with attempted suicide. Journal of Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, 11(1), 24-33. (in Thai)
Anderson, D. G., Feld, H., & Alesshire, M. (2016). Family health risks. In M. Stanhope & J. Lancaster (Eds.), Public health nursing: Populationcentered health care in the community (9th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Aroonroong, A. (2021). Development of model family counseling on suicidal idea of suicidal attempters. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 1(2), 35-46. (in Thai)
Asare-Doku, W., Osafo, J., & Akotia, C. S. (2017). The experiences of attempt survivor families and how they cope after a suicide attempt in Ghana: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 178. doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1336-9
Banthi Hospital. (2012). Summary of the results of mental health activities for the year 2009-2012. Lamphun: Community Mental Health Work Banthi Hospital. (in Thai)
Beaudreau, S. A., Gould, C. E., Sakai, E., & Huh, J. W. T. (2015). Problem-solving therapy. In: N. Pachana (Ed), Encyclopedia of geropsychology. Singapore: Springer.
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical experimental and theoritical aspects. New York: Harper Row.
Blasco-Fontecilla, H., Mendez-Bustos, P., & Lopez-Morinigo, J. D. (2020). Toward a biosignature of suicide reattempt. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 46, 79-88. doi:10.1007/7854_2020_164
Brown, G. K., & Jager-Hyman, S. (2014). Evidence-based psychotherapies for suicide prevention: Future directions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(3 Suppl 2), S186-194. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.008
Cipriani, A., Hawton, K., Stockton, S., & Geddes, J. R. (2013). Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 346, f3646. doi:10.1136/bmj. f3646
Chaniang S., Meuangkhwa P., & Klongdee K. (2020). Factors related to suicide risk behaviors among secondary school students in Nakhon Phanom Province. Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures, 12(1), 28-35. (in Thai)
Chaiwannawat, T. (2017). Roles of psychiatric nurses for mental health promotion and mental illness prevention. The Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, 31(2), 16-30. (in Thai)
Choi, K. H., Wang, S. M., Yeon, B., Suh, S. Y., Oh, Y., Lee, H. K., . . .& Lee, K. U. (2013). Risk and protective factors predicting multiple suicide attempts. Psychiatry Research, 210(3), 957-961. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.026
Christensen, H., Batterham, P. J., Soubelet, A., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2013). A test of the interpersonal theory of suicide in a large community-based cohort. Journal of Affective Disorders, 144(3), 225-234. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.002
Davis, C., Shuss, S., & Lockhart, L. (2014). Assessing suicide risk. Nursing made Incredibly Easy, 12(1). 22-29. doi:10.1097/01.NME.0000438409.07755.e3
DeCou, C. R., Comtois, K. A., & Landes, S. J. (2019). Dialectical behavior therapy is effective for the treatment of suicidal behavior: A meta-analysis. Behavior Therapy, 50(1), 60-72. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.03.009
Department of Mental Health. (2012). Report on the results of a suicide epidemiological study of the Department of Mental Health. Retrieved from https://dmh.go.th/report/suicide/ (in Thai)
Department of Mental Health. (2017). Report on the number of suicides in Thailand. Retrieved from http://suicide.jvkk.go.th/menu 3.aspx. (in Thai)
Department of Mental Health. (2017). The strategic plan of the department of mental health during the Twelfth National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017-2021). Nonthaburi: Department of Mental Health. (in Thai)
Drapeau, C. W., & McIntosh, J. L. (2016). U.S.A. suicide: 2015. Retrieved from http://www.suicidology.org/Portals/14/docs/Resources/FactSheets/2015/2015datapgsv1.pdf?=2017-01-02-220151-870http://bit.ly/3XE8dMq
Durkheim, É. (1951). Suicide: A study in sociology. New York: The Free Press.
Edwards, S., & Axe, S. (2015). The 10 ‘R’s of safe multidisciplinary drug administration. Nurse Prescribing, 13(8), 398–406. doi:10.12968/npre.2015.13.8.398
I.A.S.P. Executive Committee, International Assn for Suicide Prevention, Ctr for Suicide Research & Prevention. (1999). I.A.S.P. guidelines for suicide prevention. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 20(4), 155-163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.20.4.155
Ji, N. J., Lee, W. Y., Noh, M. S., & Yip, P. S. F. (2014). The impact of indiscriminate media coverage of a celebrity suicide on a society with a high suicide rate: Epidemiological findings on copycat suicides from South Korea. Journal of Affective Disorders, 156(56-61). doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.015
Kennebeck, S., & Bonin, L. (2022). Suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents: Evaluation and management. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/suicidal-ideation-and-behavior-in-children-and-adolescents-evaluation-and-management/print
Klinpiboon, A.,Yodklang, O., Kaanachai, V., Kamchompoo, J., & Bupahouse, S. (2020). The Development of Problem-Solving Therapy Program for Psychiatric Patients with Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 30(2), 87-99. (in Thai)
Kraipassornpong, N., Chamman, S., Pinsupha, P., Thananchai, S., & Latham, W. (2018). Public service manual electrical therapy Kalaya Rajanagarindra Institute. Bangkok: Kalaya Rajanagarindra Institute, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health (in Thai)
Lin, J., Su, Y., Lv, X., Liu, Q., Wang, G., Wei, J., . . .& Si, T. (2020). Perceived stressfulness mediates the effects of subjective social support and negative coping style on suicide risk in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 265, 32-38. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.026
Linehan, M. M. (2014). DBT skills training handouts and Worksheets (2nd ed). New York: The Guilford Press.
Liu, B. P., Qin, P., Liu, Y. Y., Yuan, L., Gu, L. X., & Jia, C. X. (2018). Mental disorders and suicide attempt in rural China. Psychiatry Research, 261, 190-196. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.087
Lortrakul, M., & Sukanich, P. (2015). Ramathibodi psychiatry. Bangkok: Beyond Enterprise. (in Thai)
Lotrakul, M. (2017). Clinical use of psychiatric drugs. Bangkok: Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospita. (in Thai)
Malarat, W., Jeamdamrat, O., Lomsri, C., Phomsena, S., Iwpa, S., & Kajai, K. (2014). Community suicide study report Chiang Rai. Chiang Rai: Mental Health Center 10, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health. (in Thai)
Maple, M., Cerel, J., Jordan, J. R., & McKay, K. (2014). Uncovering and identifying the missing voices in suicide bereavement. Suicidology Online, 5(1), 1-12. http://bit.ly/3u8AoW9
Meltzer, H. Y. (2012). Clozapine: Balancing safety with superior antipsychotic efficacy. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses, 6(3), 134-144. doi:10.3371/csrp.6.3.5
Minnesota Department of Health. (2019). Suicidal ideation risk assessment. Retrieved from https://www.health.state.mn.us/people/syringe/suicide.pdf
Moody, C., & Smith, N. G. (2013). Suicide protective factors among trans adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(5), 739–752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0099-8
Muangmakham, S., Skulphan, S., & Sethabouppha, H. (2020). Family relationships and suicidal risks of clients receiving services at Mental Health and Psychiatric Clinic. Nursing Journal, 47(3), 240-252. (in Thai)
Ngai, F. W., & Chan, S. W. (2012). Learned resourcefulness, social support, and perinatal depression in Chinese Mothers. Nursing research, 61(2), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e318240dd3f
Nursing Council. (2009). Scope and competence of advanced nursing practitioners in various fields. Retrieved from https://www.tnmc.or.th/images/userfiles/files/H014.pdf (in Thai)
Nursing Council. (2021). Regulations of the Nursing Council on requirements limitations and conditions for practicing nursing and midwifery. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/3XDQHrv. (in Thai)
Oexle, N., & Sheehan, L. (2020). Perceived social support and mental health after suicide loss. Crisis, 41(1), 65-69. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000594
Patchan, K. M., Richardson, C., Vyas, G., & Kelly, D. L. (2015). The risk of suicide after clozapine discontinuation: Cause for concern. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 27(4), 253-256. PMCID: PMC5470314
Pimratana, W., & Kamonpan, J. (2020). The risk factors of suicide reattempts in psychiatric patients, Buri Ram Hospital. Medical Journal of Sisaket Surin Burirum Hospital, 35(3), 739-748. (in Thai)
Phongto, K., & Lueboonthavatchaail, O. (2014). Effect of the resilience enhancement programe on suicidal ideation in Suicidal Attempter. The Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, 28(1), 121-132. (in Thai)
Rönnqvist, I., Nilsson, F. K., & Nordenskjöld, A. (2021). Electroconvulsive therapy and the risk of suicide in hospitalized patients with Major Depressive Disorder. JAMA Network Open, 4(7), e2116589-e2116589. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16589
Sangprakong, K., Teswatana, C., Duangyotha, T., Suthirak, C., Chukaew, P., Khunmuang, K., . .& Chamnanprai, P. (2021). Electrical therapy patient service manual for a multidisciplinary team. Surat Thani: Suan Saranrom Hospital, Department of Mental Health. (in Thai)
Sakulphan, S. (2022). Nursing care for persons with suicide behavior. Chiang Mai: Faculty of Nursing Chiang Mai University. (in Thai)
Sirithepthawee, M., Jinarat, C., Konkhamdee, S., Chaicham, N., Musiko, S., Chammun, S.,… & Krubkratoke, A. (2016). Handbook of care for chronic psychiatric patients in the community at risk for personnel of primary care units. Bangkok: Saengchan Printing. (in Thai)
Suwanmaitri, S., Sasok, A., Chanthalakwong, T., Sianglam, C., & Mekwilai, W. (2017). Schizophrenia care manual for hospitals in health areas (2nd ed.). Nonthaburi: Victoria Image Co., Ltd. (in Thai)
Sattayatham, C., Chansuk, P., & Jaroensuk, S. (2014). Psychiatric and mental health nursing (2nd ed.). Bangkok: Thana Press. (in Thai)
Sawa, M., Koishikawa, H., & Osaki, Y. (2017). Risk factors of a suicide reattempt by seasonality and the method of a previous suicide attempt: A cohort study in a Japanese Primary Care Hospital. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 47(6), 688-695. doi:10.1111/sltb.12326
Shain, B. (2016). Suicide and suicide attempts in adolescents. Pediatrics, 138(1). doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1420
Soreff, S. M., Basit, H., & Attia, F. N. (2022). Suicide risk. in StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing LLC.
Thanirat, T. (2012). Basic theory of personality disorders in Psychiatry. Bangkok: Pumthong Shop. (in Thai)
Trangkasombat, U., (2018). Psychotherapy and family counseling (7th ed). Bangkok: Santa Printing. (in Thai)
Vorapani, P. (2013). Factors influencing suicidal attempts in Kongkraiias District Sukhothai Province. Journal of Health Science, 1(1), 69-78. (in Thai)
Wannasawak, K. (2015). Patient attempts suicide or self-harm. Bangkok: Prayoonsan Thai Printing.
Western Michigan University. (2022). Suicide prevention program. Retrieved from https://wmich.edu/suicideprevention/basics/protective
World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Wright, P. P., & Thorpe, C. W. (2016). Triple Threat Among the Elderly: Depression, Suicide Risk, and Handguns. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 42(1), 14-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2015.01.010
Zalsman, G., Hawton, K., Wasserman, D., van Heeringen, K., Arensman, E., Sarchiapone, M., . .& Zohar, J. (2016). Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry, 3(7), 646-659. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30030-x
