Development of Program to Enhance the Sexual Healthcare Behaviors Skill and Preventing Sexual Risk Behaviors Promotion among Reproductive Age
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Abstract
This study was research and development conducted with the objectives of studying the basic data, developing a program, and studying the effectiveness of the sexual health care skill-building program and sexual risk prevention behavior in the reproductive age group. The research procedures were as follows: Step 1: Study the basics for program development; Step 2: Program trial; and Step 3: Program evaluation. The sample for Step 1 consisted of 5 healthcare experts and 21 representatives of school administrators, parents, registered nurses, and students. And the sample for step 2 consisted of 120 male and female students aged 13–15 years in the first to third years of secondary school. The sample was divided into control and experimental groups of 60 people each by using simple random sampling. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires, while data analysis used percentage, mean, two-group mean comparison, and repeated measures ANOVA.
The research findings revealed the following: 1) Experts and stakeholders agreed that using the Information Motivation and Behavioral Skills Model (IMB Model) was an appropriate approach to developing programs for building sexual health care skills and promoting sexual risk prevention behavior. Such programs should firmly reinforce knowledge, change attitudes through motivation, and enhance learning through real-life experiences. Content and activities are needed to meet the needs of teenagers, and the activities should be complemented by encouraging parents to discuss sex with their children. These activities could be designed in a variety of ways. 2) In this study, the program for building sexual health care skills and sexual risk prevention behavior in the reproductive age group consisted of three key processes, including the process of providing information, the motivation process, and the behavioral skill-building process. The program was conducted in 7 sessions lasting 1-2 hours each. 3) On the effectiveness of the program, it was found that the experimental group had a higher mean score on sexual healthcare skill scores and mean scores for sexual risk prevention behavior at Weeks 1 and 4, with statistical significance at the.01 level. After completing the program at Weeks 1 and 4 (posttest), the experimental group had a higher mean score on sexual health care skills and sexual risk prevention behavior than the control group, with statistical significance at.05 and.01 levels, respectively. 4) The sample was very satisfied with the program for building sexual health care skills and sexual risk prevention behavior in the reproductive age group. Furthermore, the monitoring and assessment of parents' readiness prior to participating in the program showed a high level of readiness to discuss sex with their children at 70%. At Week 4, after the completion of the program, it was found that the readiness of parents to communicate about sex with their children substantially increased to 90%.
Family involvement was essential in addressing reproductive health issues in adolescents. If the family was open to discussing sex with teenagers in conjunction with educational reinforcement, motivation, and skills training on sexual health care and prevention of risky sexual behaviors with reliance on collaboration with experts in adolescent psychology, it would lead to a sustained reduction in unwanted pregnancies and infections with sexually transmitted diseases in the reproductive age group.
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