Effects of Telemedicine through VDO Call on Self-Care Behavior and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels among Thai Muslim Patients with Diabetes
Keywords:
Diabetes, Telemedicine, In-person Medical Care, Self-Care Behavior, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) LevelsAbstract
This quasi-experimental study with a two-group pretest-posttest design aimed to compare self-care behavior scores and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic patients in Yi-ngo District, Narathiwat Province, between those receiving telemedicine treatment and those receiving in-person medical care. The study included 102 diabetic patients who received services at sub-district health-promoting hospitals, in a Muslim cultural context. The experimental tools used were telemedicine treatment and in-person medical care. Data collection instruments included a self-care behavior questionnaire and a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level record. The content validity index (CVI) of the instruments was 0.91, and the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was 0.778. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, Independent T Test, Dependent T Test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The research findings revealed as follows.
1. For the in-person medical care group: After the experiment, the overall self-care behavior score increased, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels significantly decreased at the .05, .01, and .001 levels. However, there was no significant difference in stress management behavior before and after the experiment. For the telemedicine treatment group: The overall self-care behavior score increased, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels significantly decreased at the .05, .01, and .001 levels. However, there were no significant differences before and after the experiment in dietary habits, stress management, and continuity of care behaviors.
2. Comparison between the two groups after the experiment: The in-person medical care group had significantly higher overall and domain-specific self-care behavior scores than the telemedicine group. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly lower in the in-person medical care group compared to the telemedicine group at the .05, .01, and .001 levels.
Therefore, both treatment methods should be integrated to align with the Thai Muslim context in Narathiwat Province and the southern border provinces. This approach could enhance patient confidence in treatment while reducing hospital overcrowding.
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