Development of a Thai Culturally - Based Mutual Support Group Program for Supporting the Elders with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
Keywords:
Mutual Support, Thai Culture, Elders with BPSDAbstract
This research mainly consisted in the development of a mutual support group program, based on Thai culture, for supporting the elders with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The development was divided in 3 phases. The first phase was to study the caring needs of elders with BPSD. Samples were selected by purposive sampling, for a group of 5 elders with BPSD and their family caregivers as well as 12 experts in dementia care. Data were collected by focus groups and analyzed by content analysis. The second phase was to develop a mutual support group program for the elders with BPSD, based on Thai culture. The third phase was to examine the effectiveness of the program on the quality of life the elders with BPSD. Thirty-two elders with BPSD and their family caregivers were randomly assigned to experiment and control groups so to compare the level of quality of life, which was measured by a quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and Independent t-test. The results showed as follows.
1. Caring needs of the elders with BPSD consisted of: 1) enhancing their self-care skills, 2) encouraging emotional/stress management, 3) supporting social relationship skills, and 4) improving environmental management.
2. Thai culturally-based mutual support group program for supporting the elders with BPSD consisted of 7 activities of 60-90 minutes each, once a week, 2-3 activities each time, for a total of 3 weeks, as follows: 1) relationships and memory rehabilitation, 2) knowledge of disorder and activities of daily of life, 3) environmental management for lifestyle, 4) physical and mental exercises, 5) BPSD management in elderly with dementia, 6) mindfulness for communication and socialization, and 7) the application of knowledge and skills for lifestyle in Thai culture.
3. After 1 month participating in the program, the mean score of overall quality of life in experimental group was statistically significantly higher than control groups at .01 (t=3.139; p=002). The mean score of overall quality of life in the experimental group after 1 month participating in the program was statistically significantly higher than before participating the program at .001 (t=5.888; p<.001).
Enhancing the quality of life for elders with BPSD should consider a group therapy that both caregivers and elders with BPSD are mutually sharing experiences. The program should be consistent relevant to the culture of the elders with dementia.
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