Clinical Factors Associated with Mortality among Patients with Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review
Keywords:
Leptospirosis, Clinical Signs and Symptoms, Clinical Complications, Mortality, Systematic ReviewAbstract
Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by a bacteria. It is a zoonotic communicable disease that needs surveillance and that is a global health burden. Patients with leptospirosis who have severe clinical signs and symptoms and complication factors are more likely to die. This article aimed to review clinical factors associated with mortality among patients with leptospirosis. The published research articles were reviewed in national and international databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ThaiJo Web of Science. There were 14 articles that were compatible with selection criteria and article quality assessment. Those were presented by forest plots which determined by effect size (Odds Ratio (OR) and Risk Ratio (RR)) and 95% confidence Interval (95%CI). The results of this review were classified into 2 factors associated with mortality consisting of 1) clinical sign and symptom factors, and 2) clinical complication factors. The clinical sign and symptom factors were jaundice and meningism. The clinical complication factors included oliguria, hypotension, dyspnea, hemoptysis, pulmonary disorder, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, hyperkalemia, hemorrhage, septic shock, and cirrhosis. Of those factors associated with mortality among patients with leptospirosis, medical and health professionals should implement the surveillance intensively for the clinical signs, symptom and complication factors in order to prevent severity and risk of mortality among patients with leptospirosis.
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