A Model of Health Promotion According to the 3AOR 2SOR Principles in Junior High School Students Sukhothai Province

Abstract

The objectives of this research and development were to 1) study knowledge,   understanding, access to information/health services, and 3E 2S health behaviors (Eating,   Exercise, Emotion, Stop smoking, and Stop drinking), 2) study situation, and success factors of implementing health promotion based on 3E 2S principle, 3) develop the pattern of health promotion based on 3E 2S health behaviors, and 4) study the effectiveness of the health promotion model following the 3E 2S health behavior among junior high school students in Sukhothai Province. The research was divided into 4 steps including: 1) survey of knowledge, understanding, access to information / health services, and health behaviors based on 3E 2S principles. Sample was 450 junior high school students. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Its content validity and reliability were tested (KR 20 = .710, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = .742). The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics; 2) study of situation, and success factors in health promotion based on the 3E 2S. Focus group discussion was conducted among 9 informants. Data were analysed using content analysis; 3) developing the health promotion model based on the 3E 2S. The   researcher used the findings from the first, and the second step to develop the health promotion model namely SUKHO model; 4) study the effectiveness of the SUKHO health promotion model. Sample was 30 students in 8^th grade (M. 2). The research instruments were the SUKHO model, and the questionnaire regarding health behavior and health literacy based on 3E 2S. Validity of the questionnaire was examined yielding values ranged .67-1.00. And its reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient yielding values of .742, and .805, respectively. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test. The rsults revealed as follows;

1. Overall, the junior high school students (66%) in Sukhothai province had knowledge about the 3E 2S at a low level. Most of them (72.9%) had accessed to information / health services at a low level as well. And their health behaviors based on 3E 2S was at a moderate level (M = 3.04, SD = .31).

2. Situations of health promotion based on 3E 2S principles among the junior high school students in Sukhothai province included lack of 1) activity integration between schools and public health departments, 2) teaching and learning management, 3) good role models in school (friends) and family. Furthermore, students had good attitudes towards smoking and drinking alcohol. The success factors were building happiness in schools, participation, having a role model, creating value and advocating, students’ time management, and using online media.

3. The SUKHO health promotion model based on 3E 2S principle included 1) S: School, 2) U: Ultimate friends, 3) K: Key persons, 4) H: Home, and 5) O: Online media.

4. After using the SUKHO health promotion model, the junior high school students in Sukhothai Province had health behaviors based on the 3E 2S principles, and health literacy higher than before using the model with statistical significance (p<.001).