A Causal Model of Caring Behavior among Nursing Students in Boromarajonani College of Nursing under Praboromarajchanok Institute for Health Workforce Development
Keywords:
Causal Models, Nursing Students, Caring Behaviors, Causal ComponentsAbstract
The objectives of this mixed-method research were: 1) to study components of causal factors of caring behaviors in nursing students, 2) to study components of caring behaviors in nursing students, and 3) to analyze direct influence, indirect influence and total influence of causal factors of caring behaviors in nursing students. Phase 1 was the questionnaire development phase. Data were collected from the key informants who were experts in nursing teaching, nursing instructors, nurses, nursing students, patients, and patients' relatives. Phase 2 was the questionnaire, and model testing. Five nursing colleges were randomly stratified from each region of Thailand. Data were collected twice from 530 and 519 fourth-year nursing students from those colleges. There were 2 research instruments. First was a semi-structured question guideline for asking about causal factors and caring behaviors of nursing students. Content validity was assessed by 3 experts, who reviewed the objectives and items of the instrument, using the item objective congruence index (IOC), and obtained values between 0.6-1.00. The second instrument was a questionnaire on causal factors and caring behaviors. Its reliability was tested by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding values between 0.79-0.96. Data were analyzed by using both the exploratory factor analysis statistics and the structural equation model analysis. Results revealed as follows.
1. There were five causal components of caring behavior among nursing students: a) teaching, b) teacher, c) student, d) curriculum, and e) role model.
2. The caring behavior element included four components related to caring behaviors among nursing students: a) using nursing processes in holistic care, b) good relationship for trust, c) application of knowledge, and d) sensitivity to assess and provide care to meet the needs. Learner element had both significant direct and total influences on the caring behaviors of nursing students at .82 level (p< .01)
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