The Effects of the EMS (Exercise-Mood-Sweet) Program on Perceived Self-Efficacy, Self-Management Behaviors, and Hemoglobin A1c Levels among the Older People with Diabetes Mellitus in the Chronic Disease Clinic of Outpatients Department Lampang Hospital
Abstract
This quasi-experimental research. The objective was to compare self-efficacy, self-management behavior and hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) levels among elderly individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) before and after receiving the EMS (Exercise-Mood-Sweet) program. The purposive sample consisted of elderly individuals aged 60 years and above, diagnosed with DM, receiving care at the chronic disease clinic, outpatients at Lampang Hospital. The total of 38 participants was involved in the study over a period of 12 weeks. Data were collected using the questionnaires and taking blood test for HbA1C, administered before and after the EMS program. Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, and dependent t-test.
The study revealed that the average HbA1c levels after three months of participating in the EMS program were significantly lower than before the program (p-value = 0.00). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant improvement in perceived self-efficacy and behaviors of the sample group after participating in the EMS program (p-value = 0.000). Based on the study results, it was found that the elderly with DM receiving the EMS program exhibited reduced blood sugar levels and improved self-care behaviors. These positive outcomes suggest the need to expand the EMS program to a larger population of diabetes patients.
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