Types of exercise affecting blood sugar levels in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Exercise plays a significant role in controlling blood glucose levels among elderly with type 2 diabetes by enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of complications, and promoting overall health. Appropriate forms of exercise include aerobic activities such as brisk walking or swimming, resistance training to strengthen muscles, and exercises to improve flexibility and balance. Important considerations include the severity of diabetes, physical capacity, and safety in elderly individuals. Regular physical activity has also been shown to reduce HbA1c levels, decrease insulin resistance, and support effective weight management. This article aims to examine exercise modalities that affect blood glucose levels in elderlywith type 2 diabetes through a comprehensive review of relevant research. Studies were selected from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ThaiJo databases, focusing on experimental research conducted in individuals aged 60 and above, with measurable outcomes such as blood glucose levels or physical performance. A total of 24 studies were included in the review. The analysis employed the conceptual analysis framework by Walker and Avant (2005), comprising: (1) concept selection, (2) identification of objectives, (3) source identification, (4) determination of defining attributes, and (5) identification of antecedents and consequences. The findings revealed that the most commonly utilized forms of exercise for elderly with type 2 diabetes include aerobic exercise, resistance training, and combined exercise involving both aerobic and resistance components. All three forms were found to be effective in controlling blood glucose levels.