The effects of a self-management program on reducing hypertension among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis is a significant health concern, as it increases the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. It also negatively impacts patients' quality of life and contributes to long-term complications.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a self-management program designed to mitigate hypertension in individuals with CKD receiving hemodialysis.
METHODS: This quasi-experimental study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design to investigate the effects of a self-management program on reducing hypertension in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. The study spans from December 14, 2023, to April 30, 2024, and includes a sample of 30 patients. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participants’ general characteristics. The paired t-test was applied to compare mean scores of self-management behaviors and hypertension-related knowledge before and after the program, while changes in blood pressure were analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.
RESULTS: After participation in the self-management program, patients with CKD receiving hemodialysis exhibited a considerable increase in self-management behaviors and knowledge of blood pressure control. They were significantly different from the original (47.90±3.41 v.s. 65.90±2.22, p<0.001 and 7.53±1.19 v.s.10.83±1.26, p<0.001, respectively). And average systolic pressure and diastolic pressure decreased significantly from before the experiment (155.87±6.34 v.s. 150.40±8.54, p<0.001 and 79.23±6.76 v.s. 77.10±5.12, p=0.028, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The self-management program successfully diminished the number of individuals with CKD receiving hemodialysis who frequently had hypertension. The standardization of the program in nursing care for this patient demographic is advised to enhance self-management behaviors, regulate hypertension, mitigate the risk of complications, and ultimately improve the patients’ quality of life.
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