Factors associated with hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin at Wiang Pa Pao hospital: A 5-year review
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients can be severe and even life-threatening. It is a significant cause of fear among patients using diabetes medications, leading to poor glycemic control and subsequent complications.
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization in type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin injections at Wiang Pa Pao hospital.
METHODS: This is a retrospective case control study conducted over five years. Data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors with backward elimination for variable selection.
RESULTS: From 2019 to 2023, 248 patients were hospitalized due to drug induce hypoglycemia.
The factors reducing the risk of hypoglycemia include, female (AOR 0.508, 95% CI 0.36-0.84, p=0.005), education level of high school or above (AOR 0.246, 95% CI 1.12-0.49, p<0.001), BMI greater than 18.5 kg/m² (AOR 0.334, 95% CI 0.90-20.38, p=0.001), hyperlipidemia (AOR 0.435, 95% CI = 0.27-0.69, p<0.001) and renal complications (AOR 0.143, 95% CI = 0.03-0.52, p=0.004). The factors increasing the risk of hypoglycemia include, hypertension (AOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.38-4.06, p=0.002), cerebrovascular complications (AOR 2.329, 95% CI 1.03-5.24, p=0.041), Aspart (NovoMix) INJ 300IU/3mL (AOR 4.98, 95% CI 2.00-12.38, p=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The factors associated with hypoglycemia include gender, education level, BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, renal complications, and the use of Aspart (NovoMix) INJ 300IU/3mL. Patients with these risk factors should be closely monitored and given appropriate guidance.
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