Effectiveness of Education on self-management Behaviors and Among Pregnant women at Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:Gestational diabetes leads to complications for both pregnant women and fetuses. Currently, it is found that pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes are increasing. From the review of medical records in Chiang Rai Hospital between 2017-2022, it was found that pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes accounted for 53.49% of pregnant women who came for antenatal care. However, there is no clear guideline for caring for this group of pregnant women.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the average score of self-management behavior and the average blood sugar level before and after receiving knowledge of gestational diabetes risk.
METHODS:This research is a quasi-experimental researchthat selected a sample group by purposive sampling of 22 pregnant women at risk of diabetes at the antenatal care unit, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital. There is an evaluation of self-management behavior and blood sugar levels before and after receiving knowledge about self-management during pregnancy, including eating, exercising, managing emotions, and monitoring weight gain. The research tools consisted of a program providing knowledge about diabetes during pregnancy and a questionnaire on self-management behaviors of pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests.
RESULTS:The research found that pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes after receiving knowledge had a higher average score of self-management behavior than before the experiment, statistically significant (p < 0.001), and the average blood sugar level was lower than before the experiment, statistically significant (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:The nurse should promote and provide knowledge about self-management for pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes, including basic knowledge about gestational diabetes, diagnosis, impact on pregnant women and fetuses, along with knowledge in self-management to prevent the onset of gestational diabetes, such as controlling food, exercising during pregnancy, managing emotions and stress, can lead to self-management behavior and reduce blood sugar levels in pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes.
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