NEONATAL OUTCOMES AND FACTORS AFFECTING SEVERITY OF AMPHETAMINE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS IN ANTENATAL MATERNAL AMPHETAMINE USED
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neonatal outcomes in maternal amphetamine used during pregnancy were low birth weight, prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction and drug withdrawal symptoms, including neurological symptoms, autonomic nervous symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms and respiratory symptoms are also present in neonates. Length of hospital stay and cost of treatment are important problems too.
OBJECTIVE:To determine common neonatal outcomes and factors affecting moderate to severe amphetamine withdrawal symptoms that maternal amphetamine used during pregnancy.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted among neonates whose mothers used amphetamine during pregnancy in Uttaradit hospital between 2015-2021.
RESULTS: Eighty-nine neonates whose mothers used amphetamine during pregnancy and had amphetamine detected in urine were enrolled. Forty five cases (50.56%) were female. Sixty seven cases (75.28%) were term neonates, Forty five cases (61.80%) had normal delivery, nine cases (10.11%) were birthed before admissionม and twenty-nine cases (32.58%) were low birth weight (<2,500 grams). Others common neonatal effects included hypoglycemia (15 cases; 16.85%), respiratory distress (38 cases; 42.70%), neonatal jaundice (12 cases; 13.48%), feeding intolerance (14 cases; 15.73%). Potential effects of amphetamine on eighty-six of them (96.63%) had drug withdrawal symptoms, 70 neonates (78.65%) detect amphetamine in the urine, 64 neonates (71.91%) had mild symptoms and 22 (24.72%) had moderate to severe abstinence scoring symptoms. No significant factors affecting severity of amphetamine withdrawal symptoms in neonate. However, the result in moderate to severe neonatal amphetamine withdrawal symptoms group showed the number of term neonates (≥37 weeks) was more than preterm neonates (26.98% and 1.74%, respectively), and low birth weight <2500 grams was more than birth weight > 2500 grams neonate (27.59% and 24.56%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: 96.63% of neonatal outcomes in maternal amphetamine used during pregnancy found withdrawal symptoms, and 78.86% found positive neonatal urine amphetamine. No significant factors affecting severity of amphetamine withdrawal symptoms in neonate. However, term neonate (≥37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 grams) was a potential factor that may increase risk of moderate to severe neonatal amphetamine withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, general practitioners and pediatricians should be concern and closely monitor symptoms to early management.
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