Effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among pregnant women: A one-year prospective cohort study in Nakhon Phanom
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Abstract
Background Pregnant women are at a higher risk of illness and death from influenza. Newborn infants of mothers infected with influenza during pregnancy, especially those with severe illnesses, are at an increased risk of adverse outcomes.
Method We conducted a one-year prospective cohort study to measure the effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza and adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women in Nakhon Phanom province. We followed up 1,726 volunteers (863 vaccinated and 863 unvaccinated) during June 2018 - May 2019. We measured the difference in the incidence of infection and adverse outcomes, controlling for known confounders using propensity score matching in multivariable Poisson regression.
Result Influenza vaccination in pregnant women was statistic significantly able to prevent ARI with laboratory-confirmed influenza in 65% (95% Confidence interval [CI] 38%, 81%), and pneumonia in 81% (95% CI 43%, 94%). Vaccine effectiveness against ARI was 16% (95% CI -10%, 35%), against pneumonia with laboratory-confirmed influenza was 87% (95% CI -6%, 98%), against low birth weight was 26% (95% CI -6%, 48%), and against preterm birth was 11% (95% CI -29%, 38%).
Conclusion Influenza vaccination in pregnant women was effective against acute respiratory infections with laboratory confirmation influenza and had a clinical beneficial effect on the pregnancy outcomes.
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