Associated Factors Relate to Mild Cognitive Impairment Among the Elderly
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thailand has now fully entered an aging society, where dementia is a significant issue among the older population. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a precursor to dementia, allows for the development of preventive measures and guidance for the older people to avoid these factors, thereby reducing the incidence of dementia.
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the prevalence of MCI and its associated factors among the older population
METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged 60 years and above who sought medical services at Community Health Promotion Center, Lampang Hospital from January 1 to January 30, 2024. The questionnaire used to collect general information, Patient Health Questionnaire scale (PHQ-9), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (MoCA). Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with MCI. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05.
RESULTS Of the 316 elderly participants, 278 (87.97%) had MCI. 207 (65.51%) were female and 109 (34.49%) were male, with an average age of 68.97 (±0.34) years. Education level and occupation were significantly associated with MCI. Those with a secondary education were found to have prevalence of MCI 0.03 times (adjOR=0.03, 95%CI=0.01-0.28) compared to those with primary education or less and those with a tertiary education had prevalence of MCI 0.01 times (adjOR=0.01, 95%CI=0.01-0.08) compared to those with primary education or less. The employed group was found to have a 5.25 times higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (adjOR=5.25, 95% CI=1.57-17.53) compared to those in government jobs.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) among the older population was 87.97%. Education level and occupation were identified as significant factors associated with MCI. Therefore, surveillance measures should be implemented to monitor MCI in the older population, particularly those with a primary education level or less.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
World Health Organization. Ageing and health [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2022 [cited 2024 Jan]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
Foundation of Thai Gerontology Research and Development institute (TGRI). Thai Elderly Report Part 2: New History of More Elderly than Children in the First Year [Internet]. Bangkok: TGRI; 2021
[update 2021 Jan 17; cited 2024 Jan 3]. Available from: https://thaitgri.org/?p=39457
World Health Organization. Dementia [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2023 [cited 2024 Jan3]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
Lee J, Cho E, Kim H, Lee KH, Kim E, Ye BS. The development and evaluation of a self-efficacy enhancement program for older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Appl Nurs Res. 2023;73:151726.
McGirr A, Nathan S, Ghahremani M, Gill S, Smith EE, Ismail Z. Progression to dementia or reversion to normal cognition in mild cognitive impairment as a function of late-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neurology. 2022;98(21):e2132-e9.
Griffiths J, Thaikruea L, Wongpakaran N, Munkhetvit P. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in rural Thai older people, associated risk factors and their cognitive characteristics. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. 2020;10(1):38-45.
Rattanawat W, Nakawiro D, Visajan P. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in pre -retirement period of hospital staff. Journal Psychiatric Association Thailand. 2018; 63(1):55-64.
Kongsuk T, Arunpongpaisal S, Janthong S, Prukkanone B, Sukhawaha S, Leejongpermpoon J. Criterion-related validity of the 9 questions depression rating scale revised for Thai central dialect. Journal of the Psychiatrist Association of Thailand. 2018; 63(4):321-34.
Neuroscience Institute, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health. Clinical practice guideline for dementia (Complete edition 2020). Bangkok: Tana Press Company Limited; 2021.
Praison P, Chuajedton P. Factors related to mild cognitive impairments in elderly people in Chiang Rai province. Journal of Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council. 2017;32(1):64-80.
Assaf G, El Khoury J, Jawhar S, Rahme D. Mild cognitive impairment and modifiable risk factors among Lebanese older adults in primary care. Asian J Psychiatr. 2021;65:102828.
Xu Z, Zhang D, Sit RWS, Wong C, Tiu JYS, Chan DCC, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults with multimorbidity in Hong Kong. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):4137.
Fairchild JK, Myers J, Louras P, Jo B, McNerney MW, Hallmayer J, et al. Multimodal exercise and cognitive training program improves cognitive function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2024;32(4):463-74.
