A Study of Factors Associated with the Risk of Depression Using the 9Q Method in Patients with Chronic Disease
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Abstract
Background Depression is a type of mental disorder. According to World Health Organization, depression can lead to suicide. Over 700,000 people die due to suicide every year. Therefore, rapid and timely assessment of the effective treatment is one of the important factors to relieve the potential losses. Moreover, based on the data from the Suicide Surveillance Center, KhonKaen Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital, found that the rate of completed suicide in Thailand has been consistently increasing. The main risk factor related to completed suicide is a chronic physical illness which is likely to affect the lower ability to perform activities in daily living of patients.
Objective To study the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) ability and depression in bedridden patients.
Methods The research instrument of this retrospective analytic study consisted of Barthel ADL Index (ADL) and 9Q depression scale (PHQ-9). The sample group of 300 bedridden patients who were admitted to Mae Sai Hospital was selected. Data were analyzed by using Multivariable Regression Analysis to evaluate the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) ability and depression in bedridden patients.
Results The relationship between the ability to perform activities of daily living and the presence of depression in bedridden patients suggests an inverse correlation. When patients have reduced ability to perform daily activities, there is an increased likelihood of developing depression. It meant that the lower ability to perform activities of daily living is related to the higher level of depression in bedridden patients. According to the findings, the group of patients with ADL scores of 0-4, totally dependent, had the highest proportion of depression (95.24%). It also found that ADL score < 9 was the most appropriate cutoff point to diagnose or screen bedridden patients with depression.
Conclusion and Recommendation The Barthel Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assessment can be used to screen patients for depression in order to plan mental health care. The patients with chronic diseases, especially bedridden patients with ADL < 9, should be screened for depression.
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