The The prevalence and risk factors of depression among AIDS patients in mae sai hospital
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Depression is the major silence mental health problem. The depression study in Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen province in 2012 found prevalence 42.05% in the chronic illness group and 44.7% in AIDS patients resulting to poor treatment outcome. Depression may be progress and leading to suicide attempts if no appropriate management is provided. Early detection depression will be the most effective preventive measure.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression among AIDS patients in community hospital, Chiangrai province.
METHODS
A design was cross-sectional study among AIDS patients at the ART clinic within 1-31 March 2020. Depressive severity from 9 questions depressive score (9Q) was categorized into 3 groups (1) no depression from the negative 2 questions depression screening tool (2Q=negative) (2) <7 points from 9Q (3) ≥7 points from 9Q. The analysis of risk factors associated with depressive disorder used univariable and stepwise multivariable ordinal logistic regression presented with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The performance of the model was analyzed using area of Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (ROC).
RESULTS
Of 161 HIV infected patients, the prevalence of depression was 11.8%; mild 10.56%, moderate 1.24%, and no severe depressive disorder. According to univariable and stepwise multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis results, four risk factors that found to have statistical significance, association with depressive disorder were female[adjusted OR=2.37 (95% CI 1.22-4.59, p=0.011)], having care giver [adjusted OR=3.54 (95% CI 1.07-11.72, p=0.038)], major stress in a previous year[adjusted OR=2.27 (95% CI 1.08-4.75, p=0.029)] and duration from HIV infection>10 years compared with 1-5 years [adjusted OR=0.42 (95% CI 0.20-0.87, p=0.020)]. This model showed a performance with area of ROC at 74.6%.
CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS
This study found the prevalence of depression among AIDS patients 11.8%. The risk factors have found namely female, having a care giver, major stress in a previous year, and the inverse relationship of the duration of HIV infection >10 years in comparing with 1-5 years, they should be used as a proper target group to close surveillance for future depression.
Article Details
References
Wongsuraprakit S, Santiprasitkul S. Situation of depression in Pre-Screened risk Groups in Muang District, Chiang Rai Province. JTNMC 2012; 27(3): 91-105.
Jarassaeng N, Mongkolthawornchai S, Buntakheaw P, Hanlakhon P, Bunjun S, Arunponpaisal S. Depression in Chronic Illnesses at the OPD Section in Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen university. J psychiatr Assoc Thailand 2012; 57(4): 439-46.
Hungsaitong T. The prevalence of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and the risk associated among AIDS patient whom treatment in Wat Prabat Numpu, Lopburi province[dissertation]. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn university; 2002.
Jaisuda M, Ruanjai T. Prevalence of Depressive Mood and Related Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients at Somdej Phrayanasangworn Hospital, Chiang Rai. LMJ 2017; 38(2): 39-48.
Joon YS, Jin SL, Yu BS, Kim, In SK, Ji YN, Ji HB, et al. Depression Among HIV-infected Patients in Korea: Assessment of Clinical Significance and Risk Factors. Infect Chemother 2013; 45(2): 211-6.
Anagnostopoulos A, Ledergerber B, Jaccard R, Shaw SA, Stoeckle M, Bernasconi E, et al. Frequency of and Risk Factors for Depression among Participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10(1): 1-17.
Dew MA, Becker JT, Sanchez J, Caldararo R, Lopez OL, Wess L, et al. Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and substance use disorders in HIV-infected and uninfected men: a longitudinal evaluation. Psychol Med 1997; 27(2): 395-409.
Bing EG, Bumam MA, Longshore D, Fleishman JA, Sherbourne CD, London AS, et al. Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58(8): 721-8.
Oko RE, Awosan KJ, Oche MO, Yunusa MA. Prevalence and pattern of depression among HIV positive on treatment at the ART clinic of UDUTH, Sokoto, Nigeria. Int J Med Med Sci 2019; 1(1): 8-15.
Kongsuk T, Arunpongpaisal S, Janthong S, Prukkanone B, Sukhawaha S, Leejongpermpoon J. Criterion-related Validity of the 9 Questions Depression Rating scale revised for Thai Central Dialect. J Ment Health Thai 2018; 63(4): 321-34.
Beyene GA, Fekede EA. Prevalence and associated factors of depression among HIV patients taking antiretroviral therapy at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Sci Study 2016; 3(4): 81-6.
Reis RK, Melo ES, Castrighini CD, Galvao MT, Malaguti SE, Gir E. Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symtoms in individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Salud Ment 2017; 40(2): 27-31.
Chikezie UE, Otakpor AN, Kuteyi OB, James BO. Depression among people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Benin City, Nigeria: A comperative study. Niger J Clin Pract 2013;16(2): 238-42.
Pilukpakawat T. Prevalence of depression and factors correlated among children and adolescent patients with HIV infection. J Ment Health Thai 2014; 22(3): 186-94.
Liu H, Zhao M, Ren J, Qi X, Sun H, Qu L, et al. Identifying factors associated with depression among men living with HIV/AIDS and undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a cross sectional study in Heilongjiang, China. Health Qual Life Out 2018; 16(1): 190-5.
Vitsanuyotin S, Itthivitsawakul N. The clinical practice guideline for depressive disorder. The JBCNM 2010; 16(1): 5-22.
Onyebueke GC, Okwaraji FE. Depression and Suicide risk among HIV Positive Individual Attening an Out Patient HIV/AIDS Clinic of a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution. J Psychiatry 2014; 18(1): 14-54.
