วิจัยผสานวิธี: ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้สูงอายุในยุคการระบาดของโควิด-19

Onuma Kaewkerd; Yuttachai  Chaiyasit; Nedruetai  Punaglom; Nadnapa  Arayasinlapathon; Rattiya Thong-on

Authors

Onuma Kaewkerd Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Phanom University
Yuttachai Chaiyasit Faculty of Nursing, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University
Nedruetai Punaglom Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Phanom University
Nadnapa Arayasinlapathon Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Phanom University
Rattiya Thong-on Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Phanom University

Keywords:

quality of life, the elderly, COVID-19, mixed methods research

Abstract

Introduction: COVID - 19 outbreak had a significant impact on quality of life (QOL) among the elderly. Therefore, the study of factors affecting QOL among the elderly was important.

Research objectives: To examine factors and explain the characteristics of factors affecting QOL among the elderly in the era of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Research Methodology: This study used a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Quantitative data was collected first, followed by qualitative data. Data were collected between June 20 to August 26, 2022. In quantitative part, participants included 137 elderly people aged over 60 years in the community. Research instruments were personal information questionnaires, social support scales, stress tests, self-efficacy tests, and QOL measurement. Test for reliability was done, with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient values of .972, .927, .957, and .921, respectively. Participants in the qualitative part were 6 elderly people who reported the highest score in QOL domain from quantitative data. Research instruments used in qualitative part included semi-structured in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: Results showed that self-efficacy, and economic level (income) together explained 34.7% (R² = .347) of the variance in QOL. Self-efficacy ( $gif.latex?\beta$ = .494, t-value = 6.974, p = .000), and economic level (income) ( $gif.latex?\beta$ = -.249, t-value = -3.512, p = .001) were statistically significant predictors of QOL. Perception of self-efficacy to protect oneself from COVID-19 affected the perception of good QOL. The outbreak of COVID-19 affects the economy resulting in perception of QOL among elderly.

Conclusions: Factors affecting QOL among the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak were self-efficacy, and economic level.

Implications: Nurses should organize a program to promote awareness of self-efficacy for the elderly and to promote income level among the elderly to increase QOL of the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak.

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