ปัจจัยทำนายการบริโภคโซเดียมในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังระยะก่อนบำบัดทดแทนไต

Ladapha  Demile; Aurawamon  Sriyuktasuth; Chongjit  Saneha

Authors

Ladapha Demile Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University
Aurawamon Sriyuktasuth Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University
Chongjit Saneha Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University

Keywords:

Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease, Health Belief Model, Sodium Consumption, Blood Pressure Control

Abstract

Introduction: The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases worldwide, including Thailand. Most patients consume sodium more than the recommended amount and still cannot control blood pressure (BP) as targeted. Health Beliefs Model (HBM) is essential in modifying health behaviors leading to slow kidney disease progression.

Research objectives: This study aimed to examine the predictive power of studied factors on sodium consumption. In addition, the study aimed to investigate a relationship between sodium consumption and BP control in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.

Research methodology: This study was a correlational predictive study. HBM and literature review were used as a conceptual framework of the study. Participants were: 118 patients with pre-dialysis CKD; 18 years and above; and treated at the outpatient department of medical (Nephrology Clinic), Rajavithi Hospital. Data were collected using questionnaires, including a demographic data questionnaire, knowledge of sodium consumption questionnaire, HBM questionnaire, a 24-hour dietary recalled record form, and a sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and Chi-square test.

Results: Knowledge of sodium consumption, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of hypertension, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy for reducing sodium consumption together significantly explained 11.2% of the variance in sodium consumption (R² = .112, F _(6,111) = 2.324, p = .038). Self-efficacy for reducing sodium consumption was the only significant predictor (β = -.306, p = .001) of sodium consumption. Moreover, sodium consumption was not associated with BP control in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.

Conclusions: Patients with pre-dialysis CKD who had a high level of self-efficacy were likely to decrease sodium consumption.

Implications for practice: Based on the results of predictive factors in this study, nurses and other healthcare providers should pay attention to and promote self-efficacy in providing nursing care to promote proper sodium consumption in patients with pre-dialysis CKD. Moreover, sodium consumption and BP control should be monitored continuously.

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