ความสัมพันธ์ของลักษณะส่วนบุคคล ประวัติการรักษา และการเข้าถึงบริการที่มีผลต่อความสม่ำเสมอในการรับประทานยาต้านไวรัสของผู้หญิงที่ติดเชื้อเอชไอวี ในโรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี

Laor  Nakgul; Nutaporn  Sanmeema; Worramin  Suksuwan; Somnuek  Sungkanuparph

Authors

Laor Nakgul Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Nutaporn Sanmeema Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Worramin Suksuwan Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Somnuek Sungkanuparph Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University

Keywords:

HIV antiretroviral therapy, ART adherence, Barriers of access to care

Abstract

Introduction: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor for managing HIV-infected patients to achieve complete viral suppression and recovery of immunity for successful long-term outcomes and better health-related quality of life.

Research objectives: The study aimed to explore the adherence to ART and factors related to ART adherence among women living with HIV.

Research methodology: This study employed a descriptive design. Participants were 200 women living with HIV receiving ART for at least six months. The study was conducted at medical clinic housed in Theppharat building of Ramathibodi hospital. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Research instruments included questionnaires with four sections, including personal characteristics, history of HIV treatment, barriers of access to care and adherence to ART with the reliability values of 0.79, and 0.84, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, standard deviation), t-test, and Chi-square test.

Results: Among women living with HIV receiving ART, adherence level was 85.5%, and 14.5% reported poor adherence. Income levels, history of missing appointment, and HIV infection of the partner had a significant association with adherence to ART (p=0.014, p=0.002, and p=0.002, respectively).

Additionally, barriers of access to care, HIV status closure, cost of travelling and medical care, and workload leading to forget medication significantly related to ART adherence (p=0.006, p=0.035, and p=0.001, respectively. This study also found significant differences in HIV viral load levels between participants with good and poor ART adherence (p=0.001).

Conclusions: Among women living with HIV receiving ART, personal characteristics and barriers of access to care are crucial factors because they could affect ART adherence.

Implications: Healthcare providers should provide a convenient system for facilitating access to care and develop health education programs for patients before starting ART to promote adherence, correction, and suitability, especially among patients who are at risk for ART non-adherence.

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