การพัฒนาแบบแผนการป้องกันโรคความดันโลหิตสูงสำหรับกลุ่มเสี่ยงเชื้อชาติมอญ ในอำเภอสังขละบุรี จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี

Natthaya  Pinmueng; Sutteeporn  Moolsart; Noppawan  Piaseu

Authors

Natthaya Pinmueng Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Sutteeporn Moolsart Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Noppawan Piaseu Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Keywords:

pattern, hypertension prevention, risk group, Mon ethnicity

Abstract

This research and development study aimed to investigate, develop, and evaluate the effectiveness of the hypertension prevention pattern and factors related to the hypertension prevention pattern in Mon ethnic risk group, in Sangkhlaburi district, Kanchanaburi province.

Participants were assigned according to the developmental stage of the pattern. Phase 1, this phase aimed to investigate the pattern and factors related to the hypertension prevention pattern. Participants were 15 Mon ethnic group at risk for hypertension. Phase 2, this phase aimed to develop the hypertension prevention pattern with a group of 15 participants in the pattern development team. Phase 3, this phase aimed to investigate the effectiveness of developed hypertension prevention pattern with a group of 30 participants. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Research instruments consisted of: 1) focus group guideline, 2) brainstorming guidelines for pattern development, and 3) a set of self-awareness and prevention behavior questionnaires. Content validity index was 0.80-1.00, and the Cronbach alpha coefficients of self-awareness, and prevention behavior questionnaire were .887, and .864, respectively. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-ranks test. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results were the following. Mon ethnic group at risk for hypertension reported hypertension prevention pattern including having rice, rice noodles, Okra curry, Hunglae curry, and shrimp paste as the main course of their meal. Moreover, they did not limit their consumption or using seasoning. Adults and elderly did not exercise. Their stressful causes related to their family issues. A vast majority of them possesses healthcare rights, but they have status and rights problems so that they need to self-pay. Kinship and social factors associated with food consumption patterns as well as going to the temple every Buddhist Holy Day helped them to cope with their stress. Furthermore, the pattern of hypertension prevention for the Mon high-risk group consists of the followings. First, stress coping pattern can be managed by enhancing the religion faith. Second, negotiation to change for the appropriate food consumption pattern was done by providing information and training in Mon language. Finally, exercise pattern was redesigned and managed by providing health education, skill training, and monitoring. After implementing the developed hypertension prevention pattern, self-awareness, and hypertension prevention behavior among Mon high-risk group were significantly better than prior to using the developed pattern (p<.05).

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