Effect of Online Provision of Knowledge on Parent’ Knowledge on Dosing Tools and Administration of Pediatric Liquid Medications

Main Article Content

Orawan Sae-lim
Umaporn Jaroenphasuk
Sirikarn Chaiwisit
Nazneen Waiyaroop
Matchima Sangrueang

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge on dosing devices and administration of pediatric oral liquid in parent before and after online provision of related knowledge. Method: This randomized controlled trial in parent with 18 years old or over who took care of children younger than 7 years old. The experimental group received graphical online information on dosing devices and administration of oral liquid once a week for 3 weeks via LINE application. Both experimental group and control group completed an online knowledge assessment before the study and the 4th week of the study. Results: There were 141 participants with 70 in control group and 71 subjects in experimental group. Baselines characteristics were not significantly different between groups. At the end of the study, the posttest score of knowledge in the experimental group was significantly higher than pretest score (6.02+2.06 and 8.91+1.20 out of full score of 10, respectively; P<0.05). After intervention, knowledge score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (8.91+1.20 and 6.47+1.98, respectively; P<0.05). Mean knowledge on selection of devices, unit of volume, and volume reading in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Those with education at high school or diploma level and college level had a higher level of knowledge than those with education at primary school level (P<0.05). The experimental group had a mean score of satisfaction toward online provision of knowledge at 4.38+0.62 out of the full score of 5. Conclusion: Online provision of knowledge significantly enhanced knowledge on dosing devices and administration of oral liquid among parent. It should be regarded as one of the channels that a pharmacist could provide counseling to parent. Education level of parent affected their understanding of advices.  

Article Details

Section
Research Articles

References

Boonrit N. Impact of ontogeny on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in pediatric patients. Thai Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2018; 10: 462-76.

Tzimenatos L, Bond GR. Severe injury or death in young children from therapeutic errors: a summary of 238 cases from the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009; 47: 348-54.

Azar C, Allué D, Valnet-Rabier MB, Chouchana L, Rocher F, Durand D, et al. Patterns of medication errors involving pediatric population reported to the French Medication Error Guichet. Pharm Pract 2021; 19: 2360.

Peacock G, Parnapy S, Raynor S, Wetmore S. Accuracy and precision of manufacturer-supplied liquid medication administration devices before and after patient education. J Am Pharm Assoc 2010; 50: 84-6.

Simon HK. Caregiver knowledge and delivery of a commonly prescribed medication (albuterol) for children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999; 153: 615-8.

Yin HS, Dreyer BP, Ugboaja DC, Sanchez DC, Paul IM, Moreira HA, et al. Unit of measurement used and parent medication dosing errors. Pediatrics. 2014; 134: e354-61.

Simon HK, Weinkle DA. Over-the-counter medica tions. Do parents give what they intend to give? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997; 151: 654-6.

Almazrou S, Alsahly H, Alwattar H, Alturki L, Alamri M. Ability of Saudi mothers to appropriately and accurately use dosing devices to administer oral liquid medications to their children. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2015; 7: 1-6.

Yin HS, Dreyer BP, Moreira HA, van Schaick L, Rodriguez L, Boettger S, et al. Liquid medication dosing errors in children: role of provider counseling strategies. Acad Pediatr. 2014; 14: 262-70.

Jittangwong J, Lerkiatbundit S, Kaewnopparat N. Measuring errors in pediatric liquid medication among caregivers: magnitudes and related factors. Thai Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2018; 10: 477-93.

Saidum S, Pratheepawanit N. The effect of picto- grams on the understanding of the parents on the use of antibiotic dry syrup. Thai Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2009; 1: 99-108.

Pan JF, Curran JA, Fitzpatrick E, Breneol S, Bennett C, Hurley KF. Interventions to assist parents and caregivers in accurately dosing liquid medications for their children: a scoping review. Drugs Ther Perspect 2019; 35: 230-40.

Patidar P, Mathur A, Pathak A. Can use of pictograms reduce liquid medication administration errors by mothers? An interventional study. BMC Psychol 2021; 9: 99. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-0058 4-9.

Yin HS, Mendelsohn AL, Fierman A, van Schaick L, Bazan IS, Dreyer BP. Use of a pictographic diagram to decrease parent dosing errors with infant acetaminophen: a health literacy perspective. Acad Pediatr 2011; 11: 50-7.

Yin HS, Wolf MS, Dreyer BP, Sanders LM, Parker RM. Evaluation of consistency in dosing directions and measuring devices for pediatric nonprescription liquid medications. JAMA 2010; 304: 2595-602.

Joshi P, Bavdekar SB. Liquid drug dosage measure ment errors with different dosing devices. Ind J Pediatr 2019; 86: 382-5.

Yin HS, Mendelsohn AL, Wolf MS, Parker RM, Fierman A, van Schaick L, et al. Parents' medication administration errors: role of dosing instruments and health literacy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010; 164: 181-6.

Anon. NCPDP recommendations for standardizing dosing in metric units (mL) on prescription container labels of oral liquid medications, version 2.0. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78: 578-605. doi: 10.1093 /ajhp/zxab023.

Seo M, Kim HR. Effectiveness of an 'Integrated Medication Adherence Enhancement Program for Persons with Schizophrenia' by using online educa- tion contents. Korean J Psychopharmacol 2009; 20: 22-31.

Maeda E, Boivin J, Toyokawa S, Murata K, Saito H. Two-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial: knowledge and reproductive outcome after online fertility education. Hum Reprod. 2018; 33: 2035-42.

Wierstra K, Sutton R, Bal J, Ismond K, Dieleman L, Halloran B, et al. Innovative online educational portal improves disease-specific reproductive knowledge among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018; 24: 2483-93.

Golden-Plotnik S, Ali S, Drendel AL, Wong T, Ferlisi F, Todorovich S, et al. A Web-based module and online video for pain management education for caregivers of children with fractures: A randomized controlled trial. CJEM. 2018; 20: 882-91.

Chew CC, Chan HK, Chang CT, Hss AS, Hassali MA. Medication-related knowledge, administration practice and adherence among caregivers of chronically ill children in Malaysia. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21: 216. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02691-3.

Ryu GS, Lee YJ. Analysis of liquid medication dose errors made by patients and caregivers using alternative measuring devices. J Manag Care Pharm 2012; 18: 439-45.