Promotion self-care health behaviors across all age groups for hypertension prevention

Abstract

Hypertension is currently recognized as a major global public health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by persistently elevated arterial blood pressure, which significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and chronic kidney failure. Although effective strategies for the control and treatment of hypertension— including pharmacological therapy and lifestyle modification through self-care practices—are well established, challenges in managing hypertension at both the population level and within health-care systems remain substantial. These challenges continue to hinder efforts to reduce the overall burden of hypertension.

This article examines persistent underlying problems, particularly the lack of knowledge, awareness, and self-care practices among the general population regarding hypertension. Because hypertension often presents without obvious symptoms, many individuals do not undergo regular screening or receive early diagnosis, resulting in preventable complications if appropriate and timely care is not provided. Furthermore, poor continuity of treatment is associated with several contributing factors, including insufficient knowledge and inappropriate attitudes toward hypertension, anxiety about medication side effects, economic constraints, and the belief that the absence of symptoms negates the need for treatment. These factors collectively complicate effective blood pressure control. Therefore, promoting awareness and encouraging positive self-care behaviors among people of all age groups are essential strategies for the prevention and sustainable management of hypertension.