การบินพาณิชย์: ปัญหาสังคมและสิ่งแวดล้อม
คำสำคัญ:
การบินพาณิชย์, ภาวะโลกร้อน, มลภาวะทางอากาศ, ก๊าซเรือนกระจกบทคัดย่อ
การบินพาณิชย์เป็นกิจกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจที่มีอัตราการเติบโตสูงมาก มีผลดีหลายประการต่อความเป็นอยู่ที่ดีของประชากรทั่วโลก อย่างไรก็ตามสิ่งที่การบินพาณิชย์ทำให้เกิดปัญหาสังคมและสิ่งแวดล้อม คือ มลภาวะทางอากาศที่ส่งผลต่อการดำรงชีวิตและการปฏิบัติการบิน แนวทางแก้ปัญหาที่สายการบินนำมาใช้ คือ การลดปริมาณการใช้เชื้อเพลิงของอากาศยานโดยการใช้อากาศยานประสิทธิิภาพสูง หรือใช้เชื้อเพลิงที่เป็นมิตรกับสิ่งแวดล้อม และจัดเที่ยวบินตรง ซึ่งมีผลต่อการลงทุนของสายการบิน ในส่วนของผู้โดยสารทำได้โดยการลดการเดินทางทางอากาศ การปฏิบัติงานออนไลน์ การโดยสารชั้นประหยัด การเดินทางทางราง ซึ่งขึ้นอยู่กับความพึงพอใจส่วนบุคคล ส่วนหน่วยงานของรัฐควรเพิ่มการขนส่งทางรางในประเทศ และส่งเสริมการบินระหว่างประเทศ ส่วนมลภาวะทางเสียงและทางน้ำนั้น ผู้ดำเนินการหลัก คือ ท่าอากาศยาน ต้องร่วมกับสายการบิน ดำเนินการป้องกันและลดผลกระทบให้อยู่ในระดับมาตรฐานสากล โดยขอรับความร่วมมือจากผู้เกี่ยวข้องและผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสียทุกฝ่าย
References
Afework, B., Hanania, J., Jenden, J., Lloyd, E., Stenhouse, K., Toor, J., & Donev, J. (2020). Greenhouse gas energy education. Retrieved from https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Greenhouse_gas
Airbus S.A.S. (2021). Future aircraft Airbus. Retrieved from https://www.airbus.com/company/sustainability/environment/future-aircraft.html
ATAG. (2020). Facts & figures ATAG Air transport action group. Retrieved from https://www.atag.org/facts-figures.html
Baxter, G., Srisaeng, P., & Wild, G. (2019). An assessment of airport sustainability: Part 3-water management at Copenhagen Airport. Resources, 8(3), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8030135
Bell, R. (2001). The impact of airport noise on residential real estate. The Appraisal Journal, 69(3), 312–321. https://www.proquest.com/openview/a02e28687cf0a7dd7c388b3bc6391530/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=35147
Boeing. (2017). Boeing: 787-10 first flight, Boeing. Retrieved from http://www.boeing.com/commercial/787-10
Camero, K. (2019). Aviation’s dirty secret: Airplane contrails are a surprisingly potent cause of global warming, Science | AAAS. Retrieved from https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/06/aviation-s-dirty-secret-airplane-contrails-are-surprisingly-potent-causeglobal-warming
Carbon Independent Organization. (2021). Aviation, Carbon Independent.Org. Retrieved from https://www.carbonindependent.org/22.html
Climate and Development Knowledge Network. (2017). POLICY BRIEF: Driving, connecting and communicating: The many roles of national government in climate adaptation planning, Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Retrieved from https://cdkn.org/resource/policy-briefdriving-connecting-and-communicating-the-many-roles-of-national-government-in-climate-adaptation-planning/
Elliff, T., Cremaschi, R. M., & Huckenvisa, V. (2020). Impact of aircraft noise pollution on residents of large cities, Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/650787/IPOL_STU(2020)650787_EN.pdf
EUROCONTROL. (2015). European aviation in 2040 challenges of growth flight forecast. Retrieved from https://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/2019-07/challenges-of-growth-2018-annex1_0.pdf
European Commission. Directorate-General for Energy and Transport. (2008). Modern rail modern Europe: Towards an integrated European railway area. Retrieved from https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2768/22613
Gössling, S., & Humpe, A. (2020). The global scale, distribution and growth of aviation: Implications for climate change. Global Environmental Change, 65(November), 102194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102194
Graver, B. (2020). CO2 emissions from commercial aviation: 2013, 2018, and 2019. International Council on Clean Transportation. Retrieved from https://theicct.org/publications/co2-emissions-commercial-aviation-2020
Hardiman, J. (2021). Boeing’s future aircraft: What should we expect? simple flying. Retrieved from https://simpleflying.com/boeing-next-aircraft/
Higgins-Dunn, N. (2020, November 17). Bill Gates says more than 50% of business travel will disappear in post-coronavirus world. CNBC. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/17/coronavirus-bill-gates-says-more-than-50percent-of-business-travel-will-disappear-long-term.html
Hsu, C. I., & Eie, W. Y. (2013). Airline network design and adjustment in response to fluctuation in jet fuel prices. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 58(11), 1791–1803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2013.04.005
Hunsiritrakun, A., & Wangjiraniran, W. (2013). Energy-related greenhouse gas mitigation for commercial aircraft. Journal of Energy Research, 10(3), 15-28. (in Thai)
IATA. (2019). The impact of climate change on aviation. Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/contentassets/0772118eec2e40bbba472b862e4f45ec/sfo2019-day3-climate-change.pdf
IATA. (2020). Global fact sheet benefits aviation beyond border statistics. Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/pressroom/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-benefits-aviation-statistics/
IATA Economics. (2021). Air cargo market analysis. Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis---may-2021/
ICAO. (2008). Balanced approach to aircraft noise management, ICAO. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/pages/noise.aspx
ICAO. (2018). The world of air transport in 2018, ICAO. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/annual-report-2018/Pages/the-world-of-air-transport-in-2018.aspx
ICAO. (2019). Supersonic aircraft noise standards development, ICAO environment. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/pages/Supersonic-Aircraft-Noise-Standards-Development.aspx
ICAO Environment. (2019). Water management at airports, ICAO. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Documents/Water%20management%20at%20airports.pdf
Limlomwongse Suksmith, P., & Nitivattananon, V. (2015). Aviation impacts on property values and management: The case of Suvarnabhumi International Airport. IATSS Research, 39(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2014.07.001
Lopez, F. (2019, July 10). Aviation tax: Which EU countries charge passengers?. Euronews. Retrieved from https://www.euronews.com/2019/07/10/aviation-tax-which-eu-countries-charge-passengers
Mazareanu, E. (2021a). CO2 emissions of airlines worldwide 2004-2021 Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1186820/co2-emissions-commercial-aviation-worldwide/
Mazareanu, E. (2021b). Airline industry worldwide-number of flights 2004-2021, Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/564769/airline-industry-number-of-flights/
Nugent, C. (2021). The pandemic cut aviation’s emissions in half in 2020. How can the industry solve its long-term Carbon problem?. Time. Retrieved from https://time.com/6048871/pandemic-airlines-carbon-emissions/
OECD. (2021). Air transport CO2 emissions, OECD. stat. Retrieved from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspxDataSetCode=AIRTRANS_CO2#
Overton, J. (2019). Fact sheet: The growth in Greenhouse gas emissions from commercial aviation white papers, Environmental and Energy Study Institute. Retrieved from https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-the-growth-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-commercial-aviation#7
Pearce, F. (2019). How airplane contrails are helping make the planet warmer, Yale E360. Retrieved from https://e360.yale.edu/features/how-airplane-contrails-are-helping-make-the-planet-warmer
Ritchie, H. (2020). Climate change and flying: What share of global CO2 emissions come from aviation? our world in data. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/CO2-emissions-from-aviation
Rodrigue, J. P. (2021). Passenger airlines operating costs, United States, 2019, the geography of transport systems. Retrieved from https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transport/airline-operating-costs/
SOIF-IATA. (2018). Future of the airline industry 2035, SOIF-IATA. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3ixsvoj
Tiseo, I. (2021). Share of global CO2 emissions by sector 2020, Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1129656/global-share-of-co2-emissions-from-fossil-fuel-and-cement/
Toomey, D. (2017). Investigating the Enigma of clouds and climate change Yale E360. Retrieved from https://e360.yale.edu/features/investigating-the-enigma-of-clouds-and-climate-change
UK Civil Aviation Authority. (2015). Short-haul delays. UK-EU transition. Retrieved from https://www.caa.co.uk/passengers/resolving-travel-problems/delays-cancellations/delays/short-haul-delays/
UNFCCC. (2021a). The Paris Agreement United Nations Climate Change. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
UNFCCC. (2021b). What is the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change?. United Nations Climate Change. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-convention/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change
US Environmental Protection Agency. (2016, January 11). Importance of Methane [Overviews and Factsheets]. EPA. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane
Volcano Discovery. (2021). Which was the world’s biggest eruption? Volcano Discovery. Retrieved from https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/volcanoes/facts/biggest-eruption.html
Walters, E., & Spuller, K. (2021). Effects of airport runoff pollution on water quality in bay area sites near San Francisco and Oakland airports. Journal of Emerging Investigators, 4(1), 1-4. https://www.emerginginvestigators.org/articles/effects-of-airport-runoff-pollution-on-water-quality-in-bay-area-sites-near-san-francisco-and-oakland-airports/pdf
Warm Heart Foundation. (2021). Climate change, what is it? Understanding the basic facts about global warming Warm Heart Worldwide. Retrieved from https://warmheartworldwide.org/climate-change/