The Development of a Model for Enhancing Health Literacy in Self – Care Among the Elderly Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Uncontrolled Blood Sugar Levels in Tak Province
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Abstract
This research and development study aimed to develop and evaluate a model for promoting health literacy to support self – care management among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled blood sugar levels (Uncontrolled T2DM) in Tak province. The study was divided into three phases. The first phase were Health situation studies including health literacy, self – care behavior and factors influencing to health literacy. Sample were 167 elderly patients with uncontrolled T2DM. Informants were twenty elderly patients with uncontrolled T2DM. The second phase was the development of a model for promoting health literacy to support self – care management. There were eight informants including health professionals, community representatives, village health volunteers and elderly patients with uncontrolled T2DM. The third phase was the model implementation and evaluation. Thirty elderly patients with uncontrolled T2DM were selected into implemental group. Data was collected by using questionnaires and guidelines for in – depth interview
and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics and Paired t – test were used to analyze quantitative data. Content analysis was used to interpret qualitative data.
The results in the first phase showed that total health literacy and self – care behaviors among elderly patients with uncontrolled T2DM were satisfied level by 73.37% and 55.62% respectively. All independent variables could account for 69% of variance explained in health literacy. In second phase, the model to support self – care management consisted of two components: promoting health literacy to develop self – care skills and self – care behaviors supported by community health team. The third phase found that the experimental group’s post – test mean score on health literacy, self – care behaviors and health outcomes were statistically significant differences (p – value < 0.05).
In recommendations, health centers could apply to guideline or model for enhancing health literacy in self – care among patients with T2DM or chronic diseases. However, the program should be based on target ground, culture and environments in area.
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