Prevalence and Factors Affecting Cognitive Impairment among Elderly and Pre-elderly in a Community in Phitsanulok Province
Keywords:
Cognitive Impairment, Elderly, Pre - elderlyAbstract
This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment among older adults as well as pre-elderly individuals in a community in Phitsanulok Province of Thailand. The sample consisted of 248 elderly and pre-elderly individuals, selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire divided into three sections: personal information (including sex, age, educational level, occupation, presence of chronic diseases, body mass index [BMI] and smoking behavior), and a cognitive impairment screening tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.
The results showed a prevalence of cognitive impairment of 15.3%. Significant factors associated with cognitive impairment included: obesity-level BMI (ORadj = 5.01, 95%CI: 1.42–17.76), smoking behavior (ORadj = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.01–6.50), and age 66 years and above (ORadj = 2.29,
95%CI: 1.09–4.81). These factors were statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Therefore, health teams should implement activities to maintain a normal BMI, promote smoking cessation, and proactively prevent cognitive impairment among pre-elderly individuals in the community. These efforts can help prevent the progression to dementia and raise awareness among healthcare teams, communities, and families about the importance of screening and understanding the impact of cognitive decline leading to dementia.
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