The Effects of a Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Model on Health Literacy and Diabetes Prevention Behaviors among Adolescents in High-Risk Groups, Surat Thani Province
Keywords:
Type 2 Diabetes, Health Literacy, Prevention Behaviors of Diabetes, High-risk AdolescentsAbstract
This two-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design study aimed to compare the health literacy and diabetes prevention behavior scores among adolescents at high-risk for type 2 diabetes. The participants were 100 high-risk adolescents from schools in Surat Thani Province, equally distributed between experimental group (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The research instruments included: 1) the newly developed type 2 diabetes prevention model for high- risk adolescents, 2) the "I Can Do" health record manual, 3) a health literacy questionnaire, and 4) a diabetes prevention behavior questionnaire. The content validity was assessed by three experts, yielding item consistency indices ranging from 0.66 to 1.00. Reliability of the health literacy questionnaire and diabetes prevention behavior questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was found to be at the 0.80 and 0.82 levels, respectively. General data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The comparison of average health literacy and diabetes prevention behavior scores before and after the implementation of type 2 diabetes prevention model in the experimental group was conducted using a paired t-test. Additionally, differences in average scores for health literacy and diabetes prevention behavior between the experimental group and the control group were analyzed using an independent t-test. The research results showed as follows.
1. After using the type 2 diabetes prevention model among high-risk adolescents, the experimental group had higher scores than before with statistical significance at the .001 level, and this, for both health literacy (t = 11.10, p-value < .001) and diabetes prevention behaviors (t = 6.16, p-value < .001).
2. When comparing the average scores for health literacy and diabetes prevention behaviors after the intervention, the experimental group scored significantly higher (t = 5.56, p-value < .001) than the control group (t = 4.80, p-value < .001).
Therefore, this new type 2 diabetes prevention model has the potential to improve health literacy preventive behaviors among high-risk adolescents, thereby contributing to an enhanced quality of life for this segment of population.
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