A Structural Model of Health Behaviors Following the National Health Recommendations among Primary School Students in Muang District, Yala Province
Keywords:
Structural Equation Model, Health Behavior, National Health Recommendations, PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, Reinforcing Factor, Enabling FactorAbstract
This study aimed to analyze the causal relationships among various factors influencing health behaviors among primary school students, following the national health recommendations. Participants were grade 5 students in primary schools in Muang district of Yala province, Southern Thailand. This study applied a framework of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model in phase III theory. Multi-stage random sampling was used. Data from all 124 participants were analyzed by multivariate analysis, using the partial least square structural equation for statistical power of 80% (Hair, Hult, Ringle and Sarstedt, 2014). Data were analyzed by partial least square structural equation modeling techniques. Instrument was a questionnaire. Its content validity was confirmed with IOC, yielding values between 0.50-1.00. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was used for the reliability, with a range of values from 0.70-0.93. Results were as follows.
1. Parents’ care indicator (loading=0.940) and teachers’ care indicator (loading=0.84) had an influence on health behaviors, following national health recommendations, through reinforcing latent variable (β=0.29, t=3.48, p-value<0.00) with statistical significance at a level of .01.
2. Physical environment at home, and at school (loading=0.899, and 0.886, respectively) had an influence on health behaviors, following national health recommendations, through enabling latent variable (β=0.45, t=4.72, p-value < 0.00) with statistical significance at a level of .01.
3. The structural equation with an application of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model could explain the health behaviors of students at a moderate level (R2=0.41).
Therefore, parents and teachers should pay more attention to student’s personal health. The physical environment at school and at home should be suitably arranged for students to practice better health behaviors. In addition, national and local public health organizations should promote various reinforcing and enabling activities to encourage proper health behaviors, in order to keep good students’health.
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